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Neurotransmitter Project

Financial Burden

Moral Conflicts

- The cost of programs depend not only on the type of treatment being given but the length of treatment needed. For example, a 30-day addiction program would be more than $15.000 whereas a 30-day trauma program would be more than $22.000. The cost for this facility appears to be directly placed on the individual or loved ones whom enroll themselves or each other into these programs. The money of taxpayers does not appear to affect program costs from my knowledge. (6)

- Although I can not speak on behalf of real individuals in rehab, my assumptions of their moral conflicts could potentially include things such as a feeling of disappointment or failure on behalf of their families or even society. When family members or society in general are not supportive and/or understanding of the process to get healthy, that would likely take a toll on their recuperation

Effect of Neurotransmitters on Post-Synaptic Neuron

-The effect of an excitatory neurotransmitter will result in receptor proteins triggering ion channels to open and allow positive ions, including Na+, to enter the post synaptic neuron (1)

-This will cause the membrane to become slightly depolarized (1)

- Another potential moral conflict could be whether that individual believes they can return to be the person they were before or become who they wish to be. This is one of the larger conflicts I could see such an individual facing since serious drug use could potentially alter someones entire personality which can be hard to return to after prolonged changes and withdraws.

- With an inhibitory neurotransmitter however, the receptor proteins will trigger the K+ channels to open, allowing potassium to flow out. (1)

- The result is a more negative transmembrane potential, which in turn results in hyperpolarization (1)

Drug Rehabilitation Facilities

Societal Implications

- This drug rehabilitation center is not located in Alberta but in B.C. It is just 110 KM northwest of Vancouver and is called Sunshine Coast Health Center. (5)

Excitatory/Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

- On one side some individuals may see the act of entering a rehab facility as a sign of strength and determination to making themselves a better person. Some realize admitting to an addiction is very difficult, never mind the treatment, so certain people will view it that way.

- On the other hand the counter viewpoint may be that individuals get labeled solely as hopeless drug addicts or even less of a person due to their personal problems. As well as that although this is certainly illegal and wrong, employers may look at someone with poor drug habits as a liability to the company or potentially an undesirable employee. While debateably unfair, these are realities some individuals are forced to face.

- Furthermore the idea of having the label "drug addict" attached to you after treatment could be a mental obstacle in social situations. It can be difficult to be comfortable around people when they are sometimes judged or labeled entirely by one event. In this case that person has to overcome the idea of just being "that drug addict" to some people and simply move on.

- A common example of an excitatory neurotransmitter would be Dopamine or Acetylcholine (1)(2)

Effects of Psychoactive Drugs on Neurotransmitters

- Some inhibitory neurotransmitters would

be Serotonin, Endorphins and some forms of Dopamine (1)(2)

- Lastly another consideration which is potentially overlooked when compared to the last three is the of question whether that person is simply able to handle life and communicate on a sober human level after being under the influence for so long. This is one of the most obvious conflicts a recovering addict would face after treatment and it will begin to test their capabilities to stay clean or sober so this is in a sense the most important conflict for them to overcome as it dictates their overall success.

- Cocaine affects dopamine levels by blocking the removal of dopamine from the synapse and begins its accumulation. This results in amplified signals to post-synaptic neuron giving the feeling of euphoria. (1)(3)

- Ecstasy (MDMA) binds to serotonin transporters leaving more in the synaptic space and also causes the removal of serotonin from the post-synaptic terminal into the synaptic space. This overproduction causes more serotonin receptors to activate triggering the major short term effects. (1)(4)

Physiological Responses

REFERENCES

- After the excitatory effect the membrane becomes depolarized, the membrane cannot experience an action potential, however the slight depolarizaton spreads throughout the nerve cell, which in turn lowers the threshold level (1)

(1) - Inquiring Into Biology (McGraw-Hill Ryerson)

(2) - https://www.neurogistics.com/TheScience/WhatareNeurotransmi09CE.asp

- Since a cell body may be receiving many signals at once, some may be excitatory and some inhibitory. When hyperpolarization occurs, the combined effect of all the stimuli spreads across the cell body and if the excitatory stimuli are strong enough, the depolarization will reach the point at which an impulse can be generated (1)

(3) - http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/cocaine/how-does-cocaine-produce-its-effects

- After neurotransmitters have had their effect, enzymes begin to break them down and inactivate them so that components can be reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell (1)

(4) - http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/teaching-packets/neurobiology-ecstasy/section-ii/4-ecstasy-serotonin-transporters

(5) - http://www.sunshinecoasthealthcentre.ca/drug-rehab-center/

(6) - http://www.sunshinecoasthealthcentre.ca/fee-schedule

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