Principle of Simplification in Simultaneous Interpreting a
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Simultaneous Interpretation
Medium: oral
Method: oral to oral or linear basis
Requirements: convey the key points, may involve simplification
Property: time constraints limit the translator and is conducted in an impromptu fashion without a script
Paper Translation
Simplification in Simultaneous Interpretation
Medium: text
Method: text to text or linear basis
Requirements: "complete translation"
Property: can be considered to be independent from
the original text and be understood that way.
Simplification: is necessary in some areas, but overly done simplification causes a lack of understanding in the key message and so is not appreciated.
As there are significant time restrictions, simplification does not have the ponder time associated with it as subtitling. It becomes more acceptable to the general audience.
Translation of any form
assists the message transmission
Subtitling
Forms of translation include:
- Written Translation
- Simultaneous Interpretation
- Subtitling
Medium: video, audio and text
Method: intersemiotic, may be dual language, symbol changes from oral to linear form.
Requirements: to compliment the whole package, timely basis, suitable speed
Attributes:
- stylistic: reflect the character
- text: audiovisual form of fixed text
- audience: prior knowledge
- symbols: different media giving parallel information
Techniques
Considerations
1) Time-space background
2) The connotations associated with the choice of words used
3) Familiarity of the responder
4) Background needs and responder acceptance
Simplification found in subtitling
Conclusion
- Text (font, size, punctuation, composition)
- Space (space, framing, word location, double lines)
- Time (source language speech rate, speed of subtitles, starting and ending time, discourse synchronization)
- Flow rate (number of seconds duration, words per line, picture synchronization)
Simplification in translation is often regarded as deficiency or incompetency on the translator's behalf. However, given all of the constraints and limitations of different forms of translation, techniques are used to optimise the final product. The level of simplification therefore depends on language combinations, media and the target audience.
- Expansion
- Paraphrase
- Transfer
- Imitation
- Transcription
- Dislocation
- Condensation
- Decimation
- Deletion
- Resignation