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El Imperativo Formal

  • To form the polite or formal command

1. Take the 1st person singular form of the present tense.

2. Then drop the "o" and replace it with the opposite vowel.

-ar verbs

-ar verbs take the vowel -e

Examples:

Hablar-Hablo-Hable

Ganar-Gano-Gane

Mirar-Miro-Mire

Pasar-Paso-Pase

-car, -gar, -zar verbs

Examples

  • -car-

Tocar-Toque

Pescar-Pesque

  • -gar-

Jugar-Jugue

Apagar-Apague

  • -zar-

Almorzar-Almuerce

Gozar-Goce

-er/-ir Verbs

Examples!

  • Comer--> Como--> Coma
  • Aprender--> Aprendo--> Aprenda
  • Volver (ue)--> Vuelvo--> Vuelva
  • Dormir (ue)--> Duermo--> Duerma

Irregular 1st Person Present--> Polite Command

Traer = to bring

  • traigo-->traiga (Ud.)

Venir = to come

  • vengo--> venga (Ud.)

Salir = to leave

  • salgo--> salga

Tener = to have

  • tengo--> tenga

Decir = to say/to tell

  • digo--> diga

Hacer = to do/to make

  • hago--> haga

Oir = to listen

  • oigo--> oiga

Plural endings

To address Uds. speakers, add a -n after the changed vowel.

Hable Ud.- Hablen Uds.

Duerma Ud.- Duerman Uds.

Oiga Ud.- Oigan Uds.

Negative commands

To make a command negative, place "No" before the command

No coman Uds.

No tenga Ud.

No hable Ud.

Reflexive Pronouns

  • Attach the reflexive pronoun on to the end of the command
  • Place an accent on the 3rd to the last syllable to maintain stress there. (Where it would have been had the pronoun not been there)

Examples

1. Sit down. (sentarse, e-->ie)

  • Siéntese Ud.

2. Have fun. (divertirse, e-->ie)

  • Diviértase

3. Go to bed. (acostarse, o-->ue)

  • Acuéstese.

4. Look at yourself. (mirarse)

  • Mírense Uds. <--PLURAL

Direct Object Pronouns

me nos

te os

lo/la los/las

Just like Reflexive Pronouns. Add the pronoun to the end of the command, and place the accent upon the third to last syllable.

Examples:

Dígalo Ud. (Decir, e-->i)

  • Say it

Mírenme Uds. (Mirar, plural)

  • Watch me

Cómprelos Ud. (Comprar)

  • Buy them

Indirect Object Pronouns

Sell the book to me.

  • Védame Ud. el libro.

Again, the accent!

You may clarify a third person indirect object pronoun with a noun phrase.

  • Bring a photo to them.
  • Tráigales una fotografía a ellos.

Combining Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns

When combining both types of pronouns, the indirect object pronouns precede the direct object pronoun at the end of the command.

The accent will now go above the 4th to last syllable, rather than the third to last.

Examples

  • Cómpremelos-Buy them for me
  • Háganselo-Do it for them
  • Háblenosle-Speak that for us
  • Explíquesela-Explain that for her

All pronouns, no matter what type, must be attached onto affirmative commands!

The Irregulars

Ser - to be (permanent)

  • sea Ud. sean Uds.

Ir - to go

  • vaya Ud. vayan Uds.

Dar - to give

  • dé Ud. den Uds.

Estar - to be (temporary)

  • esté Ud. estén Uds.

Saber - to know

  • sepa Ud. sepan Uds.

Remember "SIDES"

BY

Claudia Proulx

and

Julio Hill

Nos

Os

Se

Me

Te

Se

Two Steps

-er/-ir verbs take the vowel -a

Conocer = to know/to be familiar with/to meet

  • conozco--> conozca

Traducir = to translate

  • traduzco--> traduzca

Ver = to see

  • veo-->vea

Poner = to put/to place

  • pongo--> ponga

When le/les goes before lo/la/los/las, le/les changes to se.

nos

os

les

me

te

le

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