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1.The Lord reminds Moses of how he saved them from Egypt
"You yourselves have seen what I did to Egypt, and how I carried you on eagles' wings and brought you to myself." (Ex. 19:4)
•Eagles are known for being caring and fierce
•God saved them and redeemed them from Egypt, therefore their salvation is not based on works but on God’s amazing grace
•They are to obey God (vs. 5) because of the relationship they have with God, it was God’s good pleasure to love them, the evidence of their love for God is living in a manner worthy of this higher calling
"Now if you obey me fully and keep my covenant, then out all nations you will be my treasured possession. Although the whole earth is mine, you will be for me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation." (Ex. 19:5)
•“treasured possession” like a King owns treasure chest, they are to be holy and set apart, a light to the nations
•They don’t obey to earn God’s forgiveness, rather they must trust God’s amazing grace in order to receive it and this manifests itself in the obeying of his commands
•Moses descends back down the mountain and tells the elders what God had told him and the people responded saying, “We will do everything the Lord has said.” (Ex. 19:8)
2.Sanctity of the mountain
•Tripartite structure
•Tabernacle: Moses in Holy of Holies, Elders in Holy Place, Rest of people in outer court
•Lightning, thunder, trumpet, and cloud all show the power and awesomeness of God
•Fire and smoke from the mountain tell the people not to approach
3.People must consecrate themselves
•If the priests don’t consecrate themselves the Lord would break out against them
"The Lord descended to the top of Mount Sinai and called Moses to the top of the mountain. So Moses went up and the Lord said to him, 'God down and warn the people so they do not force their way through to see the Lord and many of them perish." (Ex. 19:20-21)
•God gives him the 10 commandments 2nd commandment, no idols
•People are afraid and want Moses to talk to them and not God or else they would die (vs. 19)
•God tells Moses not to be afraid and that God has come to test him and that the fear of God will keep him from sinning (vs. 20)
4.Book of the Covenant (chapters 20-23)
•Specific concrete situations gives principles but doesn’t cover everything specific they will encounter
•Emphasizes no idolas and altars to other gods yet when he comes down from the mountain the people are worshiping the golden calf
•Social responsibility: freedom and servitude for Hebrew slaves, humans injuring other humans
•God cares about the lowly
"Do not deny justice to your poor people in their lawsuits." (Ex. 23:6)
"Do not oppress an alien; you yourselves know how it feels to be aliens, because you were aliens in Egypt." (Ex. 23:9)
Foundation of Faith
"It is unthinkable that the command to love God could be a command to earn blessings from him. On the contrary, when you think it through, the command to love a God who is gracious and forgiving (Exodus 34:6–7) must include a command to trust him. The only way to receive forgiveness is by trusting the forgiver. And the only way to benefit from gracious promises is to trust the promiser. The fundamental condition that Israel had to meet in order to enjoy God's blessing was trust." - John Piper
1.The covenant is based on grace and offers merciful forgiveness for sins (Exodus 34:6–7). Forgiveness can only be received by faith.
2.God promises mercy to all who love him (Exodus 20:6). But loving God is the opposite of trying to earn His favour. Loving God means enjoying His saving power as he "bore you on eagles' wings (out of Egypt) and brought you to himself" (Ex. 19:4).
3.In both the Old and New Testament the root of Israel's disobedience was a failure to trust God. Therefore, the obedience required in the Mosaic covenant is the obedience which comes from faith.
Suzerainty Covenant
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