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Ethical Relativism, Absolutism, Pluralism

  • Values differ from one society to another
  • There is no universal truth
  • No objective standard used to judge societies and cultures
  • No particular culture/society is superior to another
  • Moral code of society determines what is right
  • People should not judge behaviors of others
  • Stopped from criticizing inhumane practices
  • Morals determined the standards of own society; however standard/perspective of the society may be wrong and blinded
  • No“progress” because it implies a comparison and that something is better than the past.

Thank you for your attention!

Ethical Relativism

What is Ethical Relativism?

The principle of viewing actions of others through different lenses in every situation in order to gain understanding and different perspectives

Ethical Relativism

Assumptions:

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Different traditions

Different societies

Pluralism

What is pluralism:

Extreme cases if model is followed:

The middle-path between relativism and absolutism; believes in flexibility

  • Holocaust: Jews being massacred
  • Slavery: majority of the world was enslaving Africans

1. No judging

2. Moral code of society determines what is right: majority of Germany and people enslaving Africans believed it was right, so it should be moral

3. One should not judge others for differences in values: even though holocaust and slavery is wrong, cannot criticize

4. Cannot say others who are uninvolved were better than those that are involved

Why more preferable?

Believes that there are certain laws of society that should not be violated but when extreme circumstances prevail, allows and accepts flexibility to change and adapt to every situation.

Pros of the Cultural Relativism:

  • Understands that practices and behaviors are only cultural products
  • Teaches people to keep an open mind because you don’t judge
  • Reflect the flaws and discrimination in societies

Absolutism

Cons of the Model

Cons of the model:

  • No exceptions
  • No flexibility
  • Choice may not be the best in every circumstance

By: Natalie Chan

Absolutism

Pros of the Model:

What is Absolutism:

Extreme Cases of the model:

Assumptions:

The principle of believing no relativity or flexibility in different circumstances

  • Able to identify the right choice in every situation
  • Core values and morals are set; no second-guessing
  • Follows the law
  • There are only 2 choices in every situation: right and wrong
  • There is no middle path
  • The right choice is always the best choice
  • Laws should not be violated or broken
  • Killing someone to save your family:

1. Law says don’t kill; you know killing is wrong

2. Absolutist: chooses not to kill

3. Result: family dies

  • Stealing so you don’t starve to death

1. Law says no stealing

2. Absolutist: obeys the law because that’s the

right thing to do

3. Result: you die of hunger

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