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Where should the national park be?

Rock Type

Boreal Shield

The Boreal Shield has two different types of rocks, igneous and metamorphic. For millions of years, magma slowly burst traveled up through the cracks of the earth's crust and started to gradually cooled into igneous rock, with the heat and pressure of more magma, formed metamorphic rock. The Boreal Shield is a very useful source of lead, gold, nickel, copper, zinc, etc. making it one of the targeted spots for mining.

Location

Climate

The Boreal Shield covers a wide swath from Alberta to Newfoundland, south of the Taiga Shield and Hudson Plains and north of various ecozones, including the Boreal Plains, Mixedwood Plains, and Atlantic Maritime.

The Boreal Shield is the largest of Canada's terrestrial ecozone

The Boreal Shield climate is the largest in Canada's ecozone. The Boreal Shield provides exposed bedrock, endless forest and rushing rivers. Summer has about the same average temperature throughout the are of about 13C. Maritime influence in the east gives it milder winter, high of about -1 C. Western edge suffers through average winter temperature of about 20C. Precipitation in the west is low about 400mm a year, high as 1600mm a year. In areas such as Newfoundland. largely due to its position in the Atlantic.

The area of the Boreal Shield is 1 640 949km2

Vegetation

Trees

Plants

  • Eastern Red Cedar
  • Eastern Hemlock
  • Black Ash
  • Speckled Alder
  • Pin Cherry
  • Paper Birch
  • White Birch

Tree species that can be found in the Boreal Shield include:

  • White Spruce
  • Black Spruce
  • Balsam Fir
  • Tamarack
  • Trembling Aspen
  • Balsam Poplar
  • White Pine
  • Red Pine
  • Jack Pine
  • Eastern White Pine
  • Red Maple
  • Mountain Maple

Some of the other plants that grow here are :

  • Shrubs
  • Moss
  • Willow
  • Alder
  • Labrador tea
  • Blueberry
  • Bog Rosemary
  • Feathermoss
  • Cottongrass
  • Sedges
  • Kalmia Heath
  • High Bush Cranberry
  • Baneberry
  • Wild Sarsaparilla
  • Bunchberry
  • Shield fern
  • Goldenrod
  • Water Lilies
  • Cattails

Herbivous

Carnivores

  • Porcupine
  • Woodchuck
  • Southern Bog Lemming
  • Arctic Hare
  • Moose

Wildlife

Some of the large herbivores of the region include:

  • Woodland Caribou
  • Barren-Ground Caribou
  • White-Tailed Deer
  • Raccoon
  • Striped Skunk
  • Eastern Chipmunk
  • Beaver
  • Muskrat
  • Snowshoe Hare
  • Red-Backed Vole
  • Red Squirrel
  • Least Chipmunk

Some carnivores include:

  • black bear
  • lynx
  • bobcat
  • wolf
  • marten
  • short-tailed weasel
  • fisher
  • ermine
  • mink
  • river otter
  • coyote
  • red fox

Having such a large ecozone there is a vast area of different wildlife in the Boreal Shield. With over 230 different birds and Hundreds of different mammals that live in the Boreal Shield. Here are just some of the wildlife that life in the Boreal Shield.

Birds

Aquatic Mammals

Fish

Insects

Reptiles & Amphibians

  • white-throated sparrow
  • common loon
  • sandhill cranes
  • American black duck
  • wood duck
  • Canada goose
  • great blue heron
  • ring-necked duck
  • bufflehead
  • herring gull
  • Atlantic puffin

Aquatic mammals found off of the eastern coast include:

  • Grey Seal
  • Harp Seal
  • Hooded Seal
  • Ringed Seal
  • Sperm Whale
  • Orca
  • Atlantic Pilot Whale
  • Fin Whale
  • Blue Whale
  • Northern Right Whale
  • Bowhead Whale
  • Humpback Whale.

There are many species of reptiles and amphibians that live in the Boreal Shield:

  • spring peeper
  • wood frog
  • mink frog
  • northern leopard frog
  • yellow-spotted salamanders
  • blue-spotted salamanders
  • eastern redback salamanders
  • eastern newts
  • common snapping turtle
  • painted turtle
  • maritime garter snake
  • common gartern snake
  • redbelly snake

Birds in this ecozone include:

  • boreal owl
  • great horned owl
  • hawk owl
  • bald eagle
  • red-tailed hawk
  • turkey vulture
  • broad-winged hawk
  • blue jay
  • gray jay
  • common nighthawk
  • raven
  • mourning dove
  • cardinal
  • wood thrush

Fish in the ecozone include:

  • lake sturgeon
  • brook trout
  • lake trout
  • northern pike
  • muskellunge
  • largemouth bass
  • walleye
  • blackfin cisco
  • lake whitefish
  • rainbow smelt
  • lake chub
  • golden shiner
  • yellow perch
  • Atlantic salmon

Insects that are common in the Boreal Shield are:

  • German cockroach
  • red turpentine beetle
  • boreal spittlebug
  • spring azure
  • American copper
  • monarch butterfly
  • mourning cloak
  • bush katydid
  • valve snail
  • ordinary spire snail
  • eastern elliptio
  • arctic-alpine fingernail clam

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