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Since Book 13 focuses on Odysseus' return to Ithaca after a brief visit to Phaeacia, this book epitomizes the end of the journey of trials, and the hero's long-anticipated return to his homeland.

This book details Odysseus' visit to the swineherd of Ithaca, Eumaeus, in which the two meet, feast, and converse about their lives as well as the current state of Ithaca.

THE ODYSSEY by homer

XENIA

BOOKS 13-14

the greek value of hospitality

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throughout Book 13, the Phaeacians shower Odysseus with gifts and throw him a banquet with food, gold and clothing

in Book 14, Eumaeus feeds Odysseus his own pork, gives him a bed and promises him new clothes to replace his rags once he can get them

BOOK 14

"

It is for a godlike master that I mourn and grieve, as I abide here, and rear fat swine for other men to eat, while he haply in want of food wanders over the land and city of men of strange speech, if indeed he still lives and sees the light of the sun. But come with me, let us go to the hut, old man, that when thou hast satisfied thy heart with food and wine, thou too mayest tell whence thou art, and all the woes thou hast endured.

(14.41-48)

"

SUMMARY

The Phaeacians give Odysseus rest, supplies and gifts, and then escort him back to a harbor of Ithaca on their boat. When he wakes up on the beach, Athena hides Ithaca from his sight by putting a mist around him. When she releases him, the two talk of revenge upon the suitors. Athena disguises Odysseus as a beggar so he can speak to the swineherd of Ithaca. Meanwhile, Poseidon turns the Phaeacians' ship to stone on their return. Athena leaves for Sparta to fetch Telemachus.

STAGE IN THE HEROIC JOURNEY

Odysseus finds the swineherd, whose name is Eumaeus. He is invited into Eumaeus' hut as a beggar for a meal of pork. Eumaeus begins expressing his admiration for Odysseus, who he thinks is long dead. He also complains of the suitors and their gluttonous behavior. Odysseus, still disguised, hints to him that he will see his master (Odysseus) again soon, but Eumaeus doesn't believe it. When he is asked about his own life, Odysseus makes up a tale about fighting at Troy and visiting Egypt, where he had heard the news of Odysseus' coming return. Eventually, the swineherd provides a bed and cloak for Odysseus to spend the night.

After traveling the seas for years, trying to get back home, Odysseus finally returns to Ithaca, escorted by the Phaeacians. While his struggles are far from over, the Phaeacians' ship provides a quick, convenient way to escape his trials and return to his homeland at last.

MAGIC FLIGHT

BOOK 13

(13.48-49)

"

LITERARY DEVICES

"...tall and very skilled in making splendid things. [Athena] spoke to him—her words had wings."

(13.38-43)

METAPHOR

ARCHETYPES

SHIP

The Phaeacian's ship represents homecoming, as well as the hospitality shown to Odysseus during his stay on their island. The Phaeacians further help Odysseus by bringing him back to his home in Ithaca.

"

"...he so wanted to return. Just as a man longs for supper, when all day long a pair of wine-dark oxen pull a well-made plough through fallow land for him, and as the sun goes down, the sight delights him—now he can prepare a meal, for his knees are tired when he moves—that's how Odysseus rejoiced to see the sunlight disappear."

The Olive Tree represents a gift from the gods to mankind. It also symbolizes Athena's gift to Odysseus by bringing him home.

Literary Devices

OLIVE TREE

SIMILE

The ocean represents rebirth. Odysseus's journey across the ocean back to Ithaca represents his rebirth as the king of Ithaca after being away for so long.

OCEAN

At that swift pace, she cleaved the surging sea,

bearing the man as cunning as the gods,

the man whose spirit suffered many trials,

warring with men and battling bitter seas.

But now he slept, at peace, forgetting griefs.

When that bright star glowed in the east, the one

that always heralds the firstlight of Dawn,

the ship approached dry land, its crossing done.

(13.88-95)

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