Sunshine Policy

Road to Election

Rights Restored

Arrest, death sentence

Roh Moo Hyun administration

The Sunshine Policy

Kim Dae-Jung

1971

Elections

• Established by President Kim Dae Jung in 1998.

• KDJ awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 2000.

• Encourage interactions and economic assistance to North Korea.

• 3 basic principles: - Armed provocation by the North won’t be tolerated.

- The South won’t attempt to absorb the North.

- The South will actively seek cooperation.

• Goal: peaceful co-existence.

• 2 major components:

- Separation of politics and economy to improve NK’s economy

and induce a change in its economic policy.

- Requirement of reciprocity.

• Goal: ease the military tensions between the North and the South.

Detente via Sunshine

Relaxation of tensions between

North and South Korea

IMF economic reforms

1971 elections

Lead opposition to

Park Chung Hee

Defeated.

1997

East Asian Financial Crisis

1973

unhappiness with incumbent

wins presidential election

kidnapped by KCIA

*1st time in South Korean History that a ruling party transitions power to a democratically elected opposition victor

- Largest loan in IMF history

- Reform and restructure

- International Monetary Fund

Main Point:

O.O

*Kim Dae Jung was a primary opposition leader and political activist prior to his election in 1997.

1980

1979

House arrest

1978

1987

lost presidential election

1992

lost presidential election

2000 Summit

Kaesong

Industrial

Complex

who: Kim Dae Jung and Kim Jong Il

what: 1st North - South Presidential summit and open contact

$300 per year

By the end of 2010: 120 mid-sized SK companies employing 47,000 NK workers

to manufacture products in Kaesong

what: industrial park in DPRK

when: 2002 established

where: 10Km North of DMZ zone in NK

NK: provides the workers

SK: provides aid, facilities, infrastructure, stream of revenue

90% of income to

NK Government

In 2010, estimated $20 million per year to DPRK government

Did you know?

Points of interest:

80-90% of Samsung smartphone

parts are manufactured in Kaesong

Pro:

lessen economic gap between North and South to make eventual unification less difficult

1) Cooperative business developments in NK

2) Removal of propaganda signs and music

3) Railway between Dorasan and Pyongyang

4) Kaesong Industrial Complex

Con:

- Several Hundred Million

in Aid to Pyongyang

-Nobel Peace Prize

may be leaning more towards "ATM diplomacy"

Cooperative Business

Mt. Kumgang

Tourist Region

Illustration of Sunshine:

Main Ideas:

- Allow SK business and NGO flow

- Build confidence with North Korea

- Soften relations without expecting

immediate reciprocity

Preceding legal framework

& policies

DJ's Successors

Lee Myung Bak administration

Sunshine Policy continued

Hannaradang: long history of anti-North conservatism

DJ's praises for Roh's policies:

ROKS Cheonan Sinking Incident

"president Roh is very and is trying his best to solve the South- North Koreans issues"

end of Keumkang tour and Kaesong ind. complex in July 2008

"5.24 Action: stop all interaction with North Korea"

Why the criticism?

where did S Korea's aid money go to?

Is Sunshine policy to be blamed for North's nuclear development? ie. did SK spoil NK?

"the lost decade": Sunshine policy halted

1984: DPRK sends food relief to

the ROK in face of devastating floods

2012 presidential election

August 1971: Red Cross talks between North and South start

US-NK policies

Exchange in functional and humanitarian fields

Roh Tae Woo's administration

(Sixth Republic, 1988-1993):

Nordpolitik

Clinton: mild policies, visits NK in 2009

July 4th, 1972: North-South Joint Statement

Bush: titles NK "the axis of evil" along with Iraq and Iran

but agreed that DJ continue with the Sunshine policy

Unfulfilled promises

Unification shall be achieved without foreign intervention, by peaceful means, transcending differences in ideas, ideologies, and systems.

Obama: somewhat inbetween- no harsh naming, but still set on opening up after denuclearization

The Nuclear Question

World Table Tennis Championship

1991

Joint Declaration of the

Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula,

1992

December 13, 1991 (effect: February 1992):

Agreement on Reconciliation,

Non-Agression and Exchanges and Cooperation between South and North

("North-South Basic Agreement")

1985: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1985 (nuke-free state)

1992: agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

Urges the establishment of military and political cooperation committees, opening of borders and reconnection of roads for travel, visits and exchanges, and of mail services.

"South and North Korea shall not test, manufacture, produce, receive, possess, store, deploy or use nuclear weapons." (original text, translated)