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The Biopoesis theory states a process by which living organisms are thought to develop from nonliving matter, probably in the sea, which contained the necessary chemicals. During this process, molecules slowly grouped, then regrouped,forming ever more efficient means for energy transformation and becoming capable of reproduction.
It is thought to have occurred on Earth between 3.8 and 4 billion years ago, and is studied through a combination of laboratory experiments and extrapolation from the genetic information of modern organisms in order to make reasonable conjectures about what pre-life chemical reactions may have given rise to a living system.
The Miller–Urey experiment demonstrated that most basic chemicals of life, can be synthesized from inorganic compounds in conditions intended to early Earth.Lighting and radiation have been investigated too, There have been approaches to metabolism first hypotheses focus on understanding how catalysis in chemical systems in the early Earth might have provided the needed molecules for self-replication.
Miller took molecules which were believed to represent the major components of the early Earth's atmosphere and put them into a closed system
Henry Charlton Bastian &
Thomas Henry Huxley in the 1950's
http://people.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_chem/Exobiology/miller.html
http://global.britannica.com/science/biopoiesis
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Henry_Charlton_Bastian.aspx