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With the rise of new machinery and electricity the production of goods changed from being made by hand on farms to being made in factories in cities. This encouraged many people to move into the city looking a place in the new world. This gave birth to poverty and the first urban slums. The cities became heavily populated and overcrowded and life started to revolve around them. The term for this was urbanization. It was a major factor in the industrial revolution and a huge change in people’s lives.

ECONOMIC

TRADE

COMMERCE

With the change of very little goods being produced in rural areas to mass production in cities, the way of life economically changed as well. With the rise in goods, commerce and retail boomed with shops selling all sorts opening up around London. Things also became more affordable for people to purchase, as there was so much of it being produced in factories. The standard of living also increased as most people were buying the new mass produced products available.

ECONOMIC

With the shift from life in rural areas to life in cities, technology advanced and eased the communication and travel to other parts of the world. This brought about trade at a massive level. During the Industrial Revolution items such as silk, spices, exotic animals, clothes and interesting metals were being imported to England. People in Great Britain developed a better understanding of the cultures of the world around them and embraced new and strange products being brought into the country.

A new machine run factory during the Industrial Revolution

Early cargo ships.

POLITICAL

LIBERALISM

THE STEAM ENGINE

The major political change during the Industrial Revolution was when England turned to a Liberalist nation. Liberalism is a way of governing where everyone has a say in what happens around them and everyone is treated equally in the eyes of the government. This movement unified England and brought about many changes for the greater good. The change influenced many places around the world and is now the way Australia is run as well.

TECHNOLOGY

An early example of liberalism as women get their ideas across.

CULTURAL

The steam engine was a machine patented in 1781 by James Watt. It used coal or wood to boil water, which sent up steam that was used to produce mechanical motion. The original steam engine was only 10hp (horsepower) but by 1883 10,000hp machines were used. The steam engine was used in many factories during the industrial revolution to power machinery. The steam engine was also used to power vehicles such as traction engines and railway locomotives. This invention revolutionized the use of machines in factories and was a main factor in the industrial revolution.

Steam Engine invented

c. 1781 by James Watt

CAUSE

Early Victorian gas lamps which were used to light the street at night.

TECHNOLOGY

THE SPINNING JENNY

SOCIAL

NIGHTLIFE

SOCIAL

EVALUATION

The Spinning Jenny is a multi-spool device used by workers to produce yarn. A worker could use eight spools at once which eventually grew to 120 as technology advanced. James Hargreaves who lived in a town near Blackburn invented the machine. Blackburn was renowned for making cloths, which were sent to London to be printed. The demand rose and pressure was put on the people of the town, which gave birth to the Spinning Jenny which rapidly enhanced the production rate of clothes and other things.

The Spinning Jenny invented c. 1764 by

James Hargreaves

Before the Industrial Revolution the streets of London were dangerous and dark places. The crime rate relating to murders and robberies were high and people generally didn’t leave their homes at night. During the period of new inventions and ideas a gas lamp was put forth as an affordable means of lighting the streets at night. Soon, the lamps lit up almost the whole of London. The bright streets attracted more people to do things at night without fear of being robbed or killed. This gave birth to nightlife. After a while restaurants and bars were thriving after dark and the days end extended into the night.

Early Victorian Slum c.1800 an early example of urbanization.

Early Victorian worker children operating machinery at a factory.

URBANIZATION

Overall all these factors played a significant role of change during the Industrial Revolution and helped shape the world we know and live in today but of all I think urbanization was the key shift that influenced and molded the modern world. Without the creation of new technology and factories there would be no urbanization and life would still revolve farming a products made in the home. People migrating to the city changed life and the way we view the world. Nowadays we view people living in rural areas who aren’t very familiar with technology old fashioned. For most people urban city life is the norm and moving to live on a farm world be a huge change in lifestyle. If urbanization hadn’t of occurred during the Industrial Revolution life as we know it would be completely different.

CHILDREN

During the Industrial Revolution the amount of workers needed to work at the factories rapidly increased which posed a problem for the owners: they needed more workers. The quick solution was to use children instead of adults. At the time working class families in England were poor and were willing for companies to hire their children for the extra cash. The way these children lived their lives was terrible. They worked very long hours in tough, demanding jobs and were paid very little money. Most of these children also had no access to school or any form of education.

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