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Ethanol

C2H6O

Ethanol

Ethanol has a simpler structure then that of Gasoline (C8H18). This increases the octane rating, allows for a more complete burning of the fuel. And in turn reduces emission such as CO2, NOx, and particulate matter.

Octane rating measure the ability for a fuel to resist detonation (premature combustion). Higher compression ratios can be used with ethanol allowing for high efficiencies.

Ethanol is use in one of two ways

Blended - Currently ethanol makes up 10% of the common gasoline in the US. Ethanol can be blended with gasoline with out any modifications to a vehicles engine. The mixture raise octane ratings and lowers vehical emissions.

Pure Ethanol - In order to burn fuels with a high percentage of ethanol, modifications must be made to an engine, commonly know as flex fuel engines.

Paul Wempe

Parkland College

Chemistry 102

Section 201

7/31/2015

Special Project

Introduction

Conclusion

Production

Ethanol is a biofuel used as a alternative for fossil based fuels. The majority of ethanol is produced from sugarcane in Brazil. The ethanol fermentation process and benefits to using sugarcane will be explored during this presentation.

Ethanol may not be the answer to all of our energy needs, but it can provided a renewable energy sources that is more efficient and lower in harmful emissions. Brazil has began to show the world how to become independent of fossil fuels and as technologies come forward the lowers the cost of production, we should expect to see ethanol to continue to become prevalent.

Ethanol is produced from the fermentation of simple sugars. Biomass is broken down through a series of processes to break down starches into glucose and disaccharide sucrose. Yeast is then added under anaerobic conditions (lack of O2). Without oxygen yeast converts these simple sugars into alcohol and CO2.

References

(1) Goldemberg, J. The Brazilian Biofuels Industry. Biotechnology for Biofuels 2008, 1, 6.

(2) Canilha, L.; Chandel, A.; Suzane dos Santos Milessi, T.; Antunes, F.; Luiz da Costa Freitas, W.; das Graças Almeida Felipe, M.; da Silva, S. Bioconversion Of Sugarcane Biomass Into Ethanol: An Overview About Composition, Pretreatment Methods, Detoxification Of Hydrolysates, Enzymatic Saccharification, And Ethanol Fermentation. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012, 2012, 1-15.

(3) Sugarcane.org,. Ethanol — SugarCane.org http://sugarcane.org/sugarcane-products/ethanol (accessed Jul 29, 2015).

(4) Icr.org,. Glycolysis and Alcoholic Fermentation | The Institute for Creation Research http://www.icr.org/article/glycolysis-alcoholic-fermentation/ (accessed Jul 29, 2015).

Biomass

Sugarcane

Fun Fact:

There is a Ethanol Production

Facility in Gibson City. Producing

300,000 gallons from 115,000

bushels of corn Each Day.

In the US corn is mostly used to produce ethanol. The majority of ethanol however comes from Sugarcane. Brazil, the largest producer of sugarcane, contribute to 25% of the world ethanol and has relied on ethanol as their main source of energy.

Sugarcane is harvested and cut into small billets and quickly brought to a ethanol production facility. The billets are milled to obtain sugarcane juice that is mostly comprised of simple sugars. The juice undergoes very little pretreatment before fermentation. Corn on the other hand contains complex sugars and starches that need to be further broken down for fermentation. The chemical break down of sugarcane can be seen in the next slide

Chemical Fermentation of Sugarcane for Production of Ethanol

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