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Protestants (majority)
Catholics (minority)
Irish ancestors
British ancestors
loyalists/unionists
Republicans/nationalists
IRA, Sinn Féin
several paramilitary groups and state forces
Remain with the UK
United independent Ireland
1919
1949
1922
1967
kills over 29 people -> undermines peace process
• English Prime Minister decides to suspend the unionist
dominated NI parliament
-> direct rule by a secretary of state
Sinn Féin declare independence from Britain
Civil war between the IRA and the National Army
• loyalist parade passed through the nationalist Bogside area
• caused two days of rioting and violence in NI
• for the first-time troops were called in
The government of the Republic of Ireland gets a consultative role in NI issues
-> step towards peace
Negotiations about peace are tried to be set up
Ireland is declared a free republic
-> exit from Commonwealth of Nations
Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) was founded
Catholics:
majority pleased
Protestants:
feel betrayed
History of Ireland before the conflict (432-1867)
split society:
1980
1970
1990
2000
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1937
1955
1921
Over 2,000 people arrested without trial
• The moment the Troubles began
• Organized by the (NICRA) -> supported Catholics
• clashes with the police
“guerrilla war”
also civilians aim of attacks,
e.g. pub bombings 1974
-> political pressure
New constitution: the Irish Free State is named Republic of Ireland
Ireland becomes the Irish Free State, Northern Ireland is established as part of the UK
=> real peace or just absence of violence?
Republic of Ireland becomes part the United Nations
• protest against internment
• demonstrators were fired upon by British troops
-> 13 people shot dead
sources:
http://www.ducksters.com/geography/country/ireland_history_timeline.php
http://www.theirishstory.com/2015/02/09/the-northern-ireland-conflict-1968-1998-an-overview/#.WqUivbM8btQ
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ulster-Defence-Association
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ulster-Volunteer-Force-Northern-Ireland-1966
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Royal-Ulster-Constabulary#ref797931
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Defence_Regiment
http://www.ducksters.com/geography/country/ireland_history_timeline.php
http://www.theirishstory.com/2015/02/09/the-northern-ireland-conflict-1968-1998-an-overview/#.WqUivbM8btQ
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/troubles
http://www.theirishstory.com/2015/02/09/the-northern-ireland-conflict-1968-1998-an-overview/#.WqbVTOciHIU
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/northernireland/11610345/Timeline-of-Northern-Ireland-Troubles-from-conflict-to-peace-process.html
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/mar/08/northern-ireland-timeline
http://www.museumoffreederry.org/content/bloody-sunday
https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/heath-was-ahead-of-his-time-in-approach-to-north-1.470062
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/4692189.stm
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ni1965_85/5stormont1.shtml
https://www.britannica.com/event/Anglo-Irish-Agreement
http://education.niassembly.gov.uk/post_16/snapshots_of_devolution/gfa
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-belfast-agreement
http://www.thedetail.tv/articles/dealing-with-the-past-and-tackling-division-in-education-ni-s-next-big-test
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/05/opinion/the-troubles-are-back.html