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Filipinos often lose sight of the fact that the first period of the Philippine literary history is the longest. Certain events from the nation’s history had forced lowland Filipinos to begin counting the years of history from 1521, the first time written records by Westerners referred to the archipelago later to be called “Las Islas Filipinas”. However, the discovery of the “Tabon Man” in a cave in Palawan in 1962, has allowed us to stretch our prehistory as far as 50,000 years back.

ORAL LITERATURE

Salawikain: Tagalog Proverbs

History of Salawikain

Proverbs are called salawikain or sawikain in Tagalog or sarsarita in Ilocano. Like most proverbs the world over, Philippine proverbs contain sayings which prescribes norms, imparts a lesson or simply reflects standard norms, traditions and beliefs in the community. Professor Damiana Eugenio classifies Philippine proverbs into six groups according to subject matter. These are:

EXAMPLES:

1. Matibay ang walis, palibhasa'y magkabigkis.

Meaning: People gain strength by standing together.

2. Mahirap gisingin ang nagtutulog-tulugan.

Meaning: While it is easy to tell people something they do not know, it is much harder if they are willfully choosing not to see what is before them.

5. Bagong hari, bagong ugali.

Meaning: New leadership always brings new ways.

PINYA

MATA

BIBIG

PRE-COLONIAL PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

ND

TALES OF LAUGHTER

And, finally, what is a Filipino if he does not know how to laugh? Tales of laughter insist on having a separate category. Moral lessons are sometimes scattered about…though most of the time, stories in this area had been created and are handed down for the sole purpose of having fun.

HEROIC TALES

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Heroes adventure and gather the fruits of their labor and Fate. These tales have inspired the Filipinos to aspire for the greatest since the dawn of time.

MYTHS AND LEGENDS

Myths are tales involving the gods of old. They may deal with a conflict among the gods themselves, or ways in which the gods would reveal themselves as unique characters unto the lowly creatures of the Earth, including, of course, man.

Legends of creation usually involve spirits or gods, or just an omnipotent God. At any rate, almost every legend involves a miracle or curse invoked in the name of, or by the hand of, a Higher Power.

FABLES

Generally, fables are short narratives that revolve around particular moral lessons. Animals are the heroes in most fables. They are made to stand for certain traits of the human race, and to teach the ways of the world through vivid characterization and lively interaction.

TALES OF THE SUPERNATURAL

The supernatural involves the fair folk, dwarves, mermaids, demons, strange beasts – and other phenomena. Tales of divine intervention are included here, as they are also classified as unexplainable.

FOLKLORE

Dr. Damiana Eugenio, a renowned Filipina folklorist, says there is still no universally accepted definition of the word "folklore". But any bit of knowledge handed down from generation to generation, which describes or depicts the beliefs and lifestyle of the ancestors of a chosen ethnic group, is rendered unique to that group, and is respected as folklore.

Folklore is usually transmitted by word of mouth. Oral traditions are very common among the indigenous tribes still existent in the Philippines. What students of folk literature do, basically, is transcribe and interpret what is related to them by the storytellers of a tribe. The preservation of the knowledge of our elders can be carried out in many ways, and they are not inaccessible to anyone who would seek them.

BUGTONG

Philippine folklore is divided into five parts

It began before the Spanish came on the Philippine shores. It was used as a form of entertainment for the Filipinos, and they would even gather in the dead of night and share their own "bugtongs" and take turns answering. The Bugtong was born as tools that the old and wise use as a poetic and indirect form to tell the youth.

Examples:

1. Isang prinsesa, punong-puno ng mata.

2. Dalawang batong maitim, malayo ang dinarating.

3. Isang balong malalim, punong-puno ng patalim.

PINEAPPLE

  • MYTHS AND LEGENDS
  • FABLES
  • TALES OF THE SUPERNATURAL
  • HEROIC TALES
  • TALES OF LAUGHTER

EYES

MOUTH

The stages of that prehistory show how the early Filipinos grew in control over their environment. Through the researches and writings about Philippine history, much can be reliably inferred about precolonial Philippine literature from an analysis of collected oral lore of Filipinos whose ancestors were able to preserve their indigenous culture by living beyond the reach of Spanish colonial administrators.

(1) proverbs expressing a general attitude towards life and the laws that govern life;

(2) ethical proverbs recommending certain virtues and condemning certain vices;

(3) proverbs expressing a system of values;

(4) proverbs expressing general truths and observations about life and human nature;

(5) humorous proverbs and

(6) miscellaneous proverbs.

PRESENTATION BY ANAS & AGRAVIADOR LIT 1

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