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The two important cities in the Arabian Peninsula during the Jahiliyyah period were Makkah, and Ukaz.
Makkah was the political, economic, religious, intellectual, and cultural center of the pre-Islamic Arabia.
The Ka'bah, which is believed by Muslims to have been originally built by Abraham, was the holy place for the idols of the pagan Arabs for centuries before the coming of the prophet Mohammad.
There were no legal systems at that time and the only way of solving a dispute between clans was by means of vendetta - "you kill one of ours we'll kill one of yours"
The main economy was trade. Makkah held an important position on the trade route and sent caravanso trade with the Sassanid and Byzantine Empires.
Their culture was patriarchal, with rudimentary religious beliefs.
Their religious beliefs were based mostly on idol adorations and social congregations once a year around the Kaaba for trading and exchanges.
At this time women held a woefully low position. They had no human or legal rights and were treated as the possessions of their fathers and then husbands.
A man could take as many wives as he wished and when a woman inherited anything it became the property of her husband.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahiliyyah
http://www.canadianarabcommunity.com/thejahiliyyah.php
http://megmoon.hubpages.com/hub/What-Was-the-Social-Situation-in-Pre-Islamic-Arabia
http://www.scribd.com/doc/204150064/Jahiliyyah-Period
The word Jahiliyah originated from the Arabic root word ‘jahala’ and its derivatives, ‘jahalun’ and ‘jahalatun’ which mean ‘lacking of knowledge’ and ‘astray’
From the Koran, the jahiliyah people are mentioned by any of these four characteristics: 1) No prophecies and revelation (guidance) 2) No civilization 3) The peoples have no good manners 4) Referred as jahiliyyah because they were illiterate
Jahiliyah started in the final period of Himyar Kingdom around 300 BC
The people were nearly always hungry and the only way to survive was for society to arrange itself into closely knit groups known as tribes
The people of a tribe were united by a common ancestor and were further divided into clans
The clan system meant that all decisions had to be made in the interests of the groups and so there was no room for individualism.
Similarly, everything that was contrary to the message brought by the Messengers, namely Judaism and Christianity, was Jahiliyyah.
A man is in state of Jahiliyyah before he becomes Muslim, even if he lives in a Muslim land.
The pre-Islamic poetry is commonly referred to as "the ignorant poetry".
Although so named, what survives today of this poetry is well regarded as the finest of Arabic poetry to date.
The sha'ir represented an individual tribe's prestige and importance in the Arabian peninsula, and mock battles in poetry or zajal would stand in lieu of real wars.
Alongside the sha'ir, and often as his poetic apprentice, was the rawi or reciter
The very best of these early poems were collected in the 8th century as the Mu'allaqat meaning "the hung poems" (because they were hung on or in the Kaaba)