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Building Services

Telecommunication

Telephone Systems

Digi

Maxis

Celcom

Television

Service Provider in Malaysia

Astro

Internet

A144322

Jaring

TM Berhad

Chong Wei Wen

Muhammad Nor Azizi bin Rosezali

Muhammad Nushi bin Izahar

A144336

A144330

Entrance Facillity

  • Telecommunications service entering into a building and/or where backbone pathways linking to other buildings are located.
  • May contain public network interface devices as well as telecommunications equipment.
  • Recommended in dry area and close to the vertical backbone pathways.

Telecommunication Spaces

EQUIPMENT ROOM

  • Telecommunications equipment common to the occupants of a building resides.
  • Design and location should consider possibility of expansion and water infiltration.
  • Sufficient floor loading capacity to bear the load of the installed equipment.

Backbone Pathways

INTER-BUILDING PATHWAYS

In a campus environment, inter-building pathways are required to connect separate buildings. The few main pathway types used are underground, buried, aerial and tunnel pathways.

Underground Inter-building Backbone Pathways

Direct Buried Inter-building Backbone Pathways

Underground pathways consist of conduit, ducts and troughs; possibly including manholes.

  • In such cases, the telecommunications cables are completely covered in earth.
  • Direct burial of telecommunications cables is achieved by trenching, augering or boring (pipe-pushing).

Trenching

Boring

Tunnel Inter-building Backbone Pathways

Aerial Inter-building Backbone Pathways

Tunnels provide pathways for conduit, trays, wireways or support strand.

Consists of poles, cable-support strand and support system.

i. Building Entrance Facillity

ii. Equipment Rooms

iii. Backbone Pathways

iv. Telecommunication Rooms

v. Horizontal Pathways

vi. Work Areas

Trays

Wireways

Conduit

Cable Support Strand

Poles

Work Areas

INTRA-BUILDING (IN-BUILDING) PATHWAYS

Intra-building backbone pathways are used to place backbone cables between the equipment room and the entrance facility, the entrance facility and the telecommunications room or the equipment room and the telecommunications room. Pathways can be either conduit, sleeves, slots or cable trays.

Locations where building occupants interact with telecommunications devices.

Vertical Backbone Pathways

  • Made up of vertically aligned telecommunications rooms.
  • Rooms located on separate floors are connected with sleeves or slots.

Horizontal Backbone Pathways

If a telecommunications room can not be vertically alligned with the one above or below, or if a room cannot be vertically aligned with the entrance facility room, a horizontal backbone pathway is used to connect them.

Horizontal Pathways

Telecommunications Room

Installation of horizontal cabling from the work area outlet to the telecommunications room.

Underfloor Duct

  • Common access point between backbone and horizontal distribution pathways.
  • Contain telecommunications equipments, control equipments, cable terminations and cross-connect wiring.

A system of rectangular distribution and feeder ducts or a network of raceways embedded in concrete.

• Distribution ducts are those ducts from which the wires and cables emerge to a specific work area.

• Feeder ducts are those ducts which connect the distribution ducts to the telecommunications room.

Access Floor

  • Made up of modular floor panels supported by pedestals with or without lateral bracing.
  • Used in computer and equipment rooms as well as general office areas.

  • Underfloor Duct
  • Access Floor
  • Conduit
  • Cable Trays and Wireways
  • Ceiling Pathways
  • Perimeter Raceways

Conduit

Include electrical metallic tubing, rigid metal conduit and rigid PVC.

  • Using conduit for a horizontal raceway system for telecommunications cabling should be considered only when:

-Telecommunications outlet locations are permanent

-Device densities are low

-Flexibility is not a requirement.

Cable Trays and Wireways

  • Prefabricated, rigid structures consisting of side rails and a solid or ventilated bottom, used for the containment of telecommunications cables.
  • Can be located above or below the ceiling in plenum or non-plenum applications.

  • Preferably to be located as close to the center of the floor area to be served/core area.
  • Recommended to have at least one TR per floor
  • Additional TR’s are recommended when:

-The usable floor area to be served is greater than 1000 m2.

-The length of horizontal distribution cable required to reach the work area is greater than 90 m2.

  • When there are multiple TR’s on a single floor, it is recommended to interconnect these rooms with at least one conduit.

Ceiling Pathways

Conditions for ceiling distribution systems include the following:

• Inaccessible ceiling areas (lock-in ceiling tiles, drywall, plaster) are not to be used as distribution pathways

• Ceiling tiles must be removable and placed at a maximum height of 3.4 m above the floor.

• There should be a suitable means for supporting cables and wires. They are not to be laid directly on the ceiling tiles or rails.

Perimeter Raceways

  • Used to serve work areas where telecommunications devices can be reached from walls at convenient levels.
  • The determining factor for using perimeter pathways is room size.

Case Study In UKM

Telephone Entrance Facility

Telephone Room

Administration Building of Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment

Backbone Pathway

Telephone and Fax Machine

JPP , UKM

Internet Entrance Facility

Internet

Switch Rack

Makmal Media

Bilik ICT

PTM , UKM

Ethernet Port

Horizontal Pathway

Vertical Pathway

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