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Cell respiration Infographic

By Dayani Laforest

Citation

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Analytical_Chemistry)/Electrochemistry/Redox_Chemistry/Definitions_of_Oxidation_and_Reduction

https://quizlet.com/38353356/chapter-9-biology-flash-cards/

Fermentation and anaerobic respiration

Fermentation: Occurs without oxygen, is the partial degradation of sugars to release energy; A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.

Anaerobic respiration: The use of inorganic molecules other than oxygen to accept electrons at the "downhill" end of electron transport chains

The reactants and products of the first two stages of cellular respiration,

Stage 1- Glycolysis, Located in the cytoplasm, glucose breaks down in 2 molecules of pyruvate

Stage 2- Citric acid cycle, located in the matrix of the mitochondria ,completes breakdown of carbon dioxide, makes small amounts of ATP, provides electrons

Oxidation and reduction

How redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges.

Where and how the respiratory electron transport chain creates a proton gradient.

They are chemical reactions where electrons are transferred between reactants which releases energy in the organic molecules.

Oxidation is the gaining of oxygen

Reduction is the loss of oxygen

Three stages of respiration

The proton gradient is produced by the movement of electrons . The chain is an energy converter that uses the exergonic flow of electrons to pump H+ from the matrix into the intermembrane space.

Glycolysis- takes place in the cytosol producing 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP

Citric acid cycle- takes place in the the matric of the mittochondira

Oxidative phosphorylation- takes place in the n the matrix of the mittochondira producing

1 NADH --> 1 NAD+ + 1/2 H2O + 2.5-3 ATP

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