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A PRACTICAL FUNCTIONAL

APPROACH TO KINESICS

Chapter 9

CULTURE

-Includes various subcultures.

-Gestures vary from culture to culture.

-Some argue that there is no universality of emotions.

-Walking.

-Work environments often manifest

subcultures of their own.

DIFFERENCES IN

SEX/GENDER

1. Facial expression differences.

2. Children are taught not to show negative

emotions.

-Although this emphasis is more prevalent with girls.

3. Men communicate authority,

activity, & independence.

4. Women communicate submissiveness,

passivity, and dependence.

5. Men and masculine individuals usually use more expansive & relaxed kinesics.

6. Women and feminine individuals usually use more shrinkage & tense kinesics.

7. Androgynous individuals use BOTH stereotypically male & female kinesics.

8.Walking

-Women tend to have more body sway.

9. Eye behaviors

-Women watch & look more while listening to their partners.

Some stereotypic kinesic behavior may exist,

but BEWARE the dangers of stereotyping!

LEFT & RIGHT

HANDEDNESS STUDY

1. Left-handers respond more quickly

to a survey.

2. More women are left-handed than most people think.

3. Left-handers were more enthusiastic about answering questions about handedness.

DECODING

FUNCTIONS

1. Identification & self-presentation.

2. Kinesics also influence issues of dominance & persuasiveness.

3. Dominance is expressed by kinesic cues.

4. Facial expressions also help in impression formation.

5. Control of interaction: Regulators.

6. Relationship of interactants.

7. Display of cognitive information.

8. Display of affective information.

9. Deception and leakage (Important for detecting lies or cover-ups).

THE

END

What are some of the functions that can be "played" by authority figures or other people in a position of power?

RELATIONSHIP WITH LANGUAGE

1. Studies have shown that nonverbal gestures of infants improve with verbal language development.

2. The relationship between language and nonverbal communication has historical basis.

1. Decoding ability is related mainly to the sex of the decoder (men vs. women).

2. Micro-expressions.

3. Patient-patient & patient-doctor relationships.

4. Factors affect facial identification (depth of processing).

5. Decoding eye behavior: Eye contact/gaze.

6. Pupil size.

7. Eye direction.

Do you believe "lefties"

might be more intelligent than their right-handed counterparts?

SEX vs. GENDER

DIFFERENCES

SEX=Males and females

GENDER=Masculine, feminine, androgynous

What are some subcultures that exist in the throughout the United States? Regionally?

The nine factors for study of facial emotions

In Southern Florida alone, subcultures can range from the cattlemen in Labelle, the Mennonite (Amish) in Sarasota, the retiree in Naples, and an subculture of the "burlesque" sort unique to Miami/Dade.....

*SEX & GENDER DO

NOT

MEAN THE SAME THING!

1. Study emotion.

2. Consider both the nature AND nurture.

3. Search for emotion-specific physiology.

4. Specify which events precede emotions.

5. Examine "ontogeny."

6. Face and voice of infants prior to learned verbal communication.

7.Emotions belong to a family of emotions.

8. Emotions as discrete entity.

9. Consider expression in determining the amount of emotions.

-Males & females are the ONLY sexual classification.

-Gender changes to masculine or feminine & incorporates androgyny.

SEX

GENDER

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