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Vietnam and Cambodia
o By 1975 the Communist North
Vietnam had forcibly united the country
By the end of 75 both Laos and
Cambodia both had communist governments.
In Cambodia, Pol Pot massacred
over a million Cambodians and the country stayed unstable until UN-Sponsored Elections in ‘88
A New India
Pakistan and Bangladesh
o A close friend of Gandhi’s Jawaharlal Nehru took control
of India
Nehru helped the state gain control of all industry.
o Indra Gandhi (no relation) took over for her father after his
death and worked against the newly formed Sikhs
The Sikhs were both Muslim and Hindu, mostly living in
Punjab in northern India.
The Sikhs wanted their own country but Indra refused,
sending an attack against them.
o After his mother’s assassination at the hands of the Sikhs,
Rajiv Gandhi took over.
He allowed the industries to be run by private parties
causing major growth in the middle class.
While campaigning for reelection he was also
assassinated.
o Unlike India, Pakistan was a
completely new country
Because East and West
Pakistan were vastly different, conflict ensued
East Pakistan declared
themselves independent in 1971 and became Bangladesh.
Both countries remain very poor
and politically unstable to this day
Indonesia and Myanmar
o Because of the threat of Communism, the
Netherlands finally gave Indonesia independence in 1949 for a nationalist anti-communist government to set up.
In 1950 an election was held, the leader of the
nationalist government, Sukarno was elected
He soon tried to run the government his way,
accepting aid from the Soviets and dissolving the constitution. He was overthrown and a military government was established
o In Burma, which is now Myanmar the military
have had complete control since 1960.
Aung San Suu Kyi had led a pro-democracy
movement her father started in 1988 and in 1991 won a Nobel Peace Prize for her efforts.
India Divided
o At the end of WWII, the Hindus and Muslims
in India were divided
India was to be divided into Hindu India
and Muslim Pakistan to the Northeast and Northwest of India.
o The two countries became independent in
1947 and millions of Hindus and Muslims fled across the new boarders.
Many died as a result of these mass
migrations, the most notable was Mohandas Gandhi who was shot by a Hindu Militant on January 30th 1948