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7Sci - Ch 13.3: Glacial Erosion (pgs 464-469)
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Chapter 13, Lesson 3
Glacial Erosion
pgs 464-469
How Do Glaciers Form and Move?
...glacier as any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land.
Glaciers can from only in an area where more snow falls than melts.
Continental Glacier
A continental glacier is a glacier that covers much of a continent or large island.
...cover Antarctica and most of Greenland.
Continental glaciers can flow in all directions as they move.
Many times in the past, continental glaciers have covered larger parts of Earth's surface.
These times are known as ice ages.
Valley Glaciers
A valley glacier is a long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up high in a mountain valley.
...much smaller than continental glaciers...can be tens of kilometers long.
Gravity constantly pulls a glacier downhill.
* Assess Your Understanding
I get it!
How Do Glaciers Cause Erosion & Deposition?
The two processes by which glaciers erode the land are plucking and abrasion.
Glacial Erosion
As a glacier flows over the land, it picks up rocks in a process called plucking.
Plucking can move huge boulders.
Many rocks remain on the bottom of the glacier, and the glacier drags them across the land.
This process, called abrasion, gouges and scratches the bedrock.
Glacial Deposition
A glacier gathers a huge amount of rock and soil as it erodes the land in its path.
When a glacier melts, it deposits the sediment it eroded from the land, creating various landforms.
* Assess Your Understanding
I get it!
* Apply It!
The mixture of sediments that a glacier deposits directly on the surface is called till.
The till deposited at the edges of a glacier forms a ridge called a moraine.
A kettle is a small depression that forms when a chunk of ice is left in glacial till.
Fiord - ...forms when the level of the sea rises, filling a valley once cut by a glacier.
Horn - When glaciers carve away the sides of a mountain, the result is a horn...
Arete - ...a sharp ridge separating two cirques.
Cirque - ...a bowl-shaped hollow eroded by a glacier.
Glacial Lake - ...large lakes in long basins.
U-Shape Valley - A flowing glacier scoops out a U-shaped valley.
Drumlin - ...a long mound of till that is smoothed in the direction of the glacier's flow.
* Figure 3 - Glacial Landforms