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CAUSES OF INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT

Conflict over Territorial Control

Control over territory is important to countries because of defence and national pride. If the territory that is invaded is claimed by two countries or more, it can result in conflict among these countries.

2. Tensions between India and China worsened when fighting broke out in the NEFA and in the Aksai Chin plateau. By mid-1961, China had occupied even more of the territories. The Indian government demanded the return of these territories but China refused.

1. One example of conflict over territory is the border conflict between India and China. India inherited land from by the British when it gained its independence. China, however, protested that the border land belonged to China.

Conflict over Scarce Resources

In 1962, a brief war broke out between China and India. Although the territorial conflict has not been resolved, India and China signed an agreement in 2005 to address the border issue in a fair and reasonable manner

It was difficult to have a clear border between India and China because their frontier was at the Himalayan mountain range. The two main areas of conflict were the Aksai Chin plateau and the North East Frontier Agency (NEFA).

Conflicts among countries can happen because of competition over scarce resources.

Conflict over territory therefore occurs because land is part of a county’s national interest. When territory is threatened, countries can resort to the use of force.

Conflict over natural resources occurs because natural resources such as land, water, oil and fish are unequally distributed. Therefore countries come into conflict when they compete over resources necessary for survival and economic growth.

1. For example, in the 1970s, Iceland and Britain were in conflict over fishing grounds. Iceland has few natural resources and depended on the fishing industry for its survival. Fishermen from Britain and other European countries were over-fishing around Iceland. As a result, fish stocks around Iceland decreased. Iceland was affected by this as they were dependent on fishing for their livelihood.

2. In 1975, Iceland extended its zone of control over fishing ground from 50 nautical miles to 200 nautical miles. Britain refused to acknowledge the new boundary and Iceland cut its diplomatic ties with Britain. Ties were only restored after an agreement was signed to allow concessions to both Britain and Iceland.

V.S

Conflict over Political and Ideological Beliefs

Conflict over political and ideological beliefs occurs when countries feel that their values and beliefs are being threatened.

Checkpoint:

Countries pursuing different political or ideological beliefs can therefore come into conflict if these beliefs are threatened.

1. Which were the two main areas t that India and China were contesting for?

1. One example of conflict over different political ideological beliefs is the Korean War. After WWII, Korea was divided into two halves. North Korea was occupied by the Soviet Union (USSR) and South Korea by the USA. North Korea believed in Communism while South Korea believed in Democracy.

2. The conflict between North and South Korea took place when North Korea suddenly invaded the South with the aim of reunifying the two sides under communism.

2. In what year did a brief war break out between India and China?

The UN later called for an election to establish a single government to reunite Korea. The USSR refused the election and established a communist regime, known as the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.

3. Iceland extended its _________________ from ___________ to_______________.

Fearing that North Korea would spread the communist ideology to South Korea, the USA and the UN fought a war against the North Korea. In 1953, an agreement to stop the fighting was signed by all parties and a demilitarised zone between North Korea and South Korea was created.

4. When Britain refused to acknowledge the new boundary, Iceland__________________.

Checkpoint:

1. After WW2, North Korea was occupied by______________, and South Korea was occupied by ________________.

2. North Korea believed in ______________

while South Korea believed in____________.

3. The communist regime in North Korea is called _____________________________.

4. What are two things that happend in 1953 as a result of this conflict?

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