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Plant Anatomy for Bonsai
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What is Plant Anatomy?
The internal structure of plants
Usually studied by means of examining thin sections under a microscope
Not to be confused with "Plant Morphology"
The external structure of plants
Intimately related to plant physiology
Ancient visage
Secondary growth
- Keiseiso (cambium)
- Za & nebari
- Bark
- Jin & shari
Aesthetic form
Primary growth
- Apical meristems
- Phyllotaxy & leaf anatomy
- Growth hormones
Longevity and health
- Transplanting
- Root structure
- Growth hormones
Propagation
Tsugiki (grafting)
Toriki (air layering)
Sashiki (cuttings)
Fruits and seeds
Plant anatomy involves a lot of strange vocabulary that describes the strange goings-on inside of plants.
From leaf size and shape to branch angles to bark texture, the underlying cellular structure informs the trees that we work with.
In the end, understanding the internal structure of our trees makes us better able to produce the living works of art that are Bonsai.
Plant Anatomy for Bonsai
And why should I care?
A brief diversion about roots...
Hormones
Primary Growth
Auxins
Shoot apices
Cytokinins
Root apices
Create a complex set of gradients that control growth and differentiation
Elongation
Gibberellins
Occurs at apices
Plus ethylene and abscisic acid, among others
Propagation
A Bonsai-centric Overview
Concentrating here on woody dicots and gymnosperms
We'll save leaf anatomy, photosynthesis, and the whole water balance question until later.
Anatomy is a key to grafting, air layering, rooting of cuttings, "breaking back"
Secondary Growth
Girth only