The Bright Universe

What would be the end of THE UNIVERSE?

The big rip: the expansion may also keep accelerating faster and faster, until it gets to a point where the universe rips itself apart. This scenario would take about 20000000000 years to happen

The big chill: the expansion may also eventually stop, and everything would then disintegrate. This scenario would take about 10^1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 years to happen.

The big crunch: the expansion of the universe may start to slow down and start shrinking into a infinitely dense point again, which may create another Big Bang that creates a Universe much different from ours. This scenario would take 10^10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 years to happen.

Light takes time to travel through the immense distances of space. When you’re looking at an object, you’re actually looking in the past, because light takes time to travel from that object to your eye. The farther the object is, the farther back in time you’re looking. Everything you see is in the past.

We currently don’t know how big the universe is, so it’s undetermined. The observable Universe is known to be around 93000000000 light years across, or simply 879780000000000000000000 km.

1 light year is around 9460000000000km.

We can’t see beyond the observable Universe, because the light beyond it hasn’t reached us yet.

Maybe the universe is endless

Sun: has both a interior and an atmosphere

The Universe

The universe is described as everything that exists, did exist, and will ever exist everywhere: matter, energy, time, stars, galaxies, and everything else.

People have discovered that galaxies outside our own are moving away from us.

They’re also moving away from each other.

The farther they are, the faster they move out.

That means the universe is constantly expanding faster and faster.

The Bright Universe

VISIBLE LIGHT

WHERE DID THE UNIVERSE COME FROM?

The big bang theory suggest the universe began as an infinitely small dense point that suddenly exploded from literally nothing and formed energy, matter, and time. This might have happened around 13700000000 years ago.

Where WE ARE IN THE UNIVERSE?

looking

back into time

Scale of the Universe

In space light travels at a speed of 300,000,000 meters per second.

Light takes 2500000 years to travel from our nearest galaxy to your eye. This means you are seeing Andromeda galaxy 2500000 years ago.

Light travels in one year

about 9.46 trillion

kilometers

HOW BIG IS THE UNIVERSE

Star Systems and Galaxies

• A star is a giant ball of gas
• a planet is an object that orbits a star

Objects

Astronomers classify most

galaxies into 3 types

The tendency of an object

to resist a change in

motion is inertia.

Newton concluded that

inertia and gravity

combine to keep earth in

orbit around the sun and moon in orbit.

Classification

Characteristics used to classify stars include color, temperature, size, composition, and brightness

Inner Planets

Astronomers use H-R diagrams to classify stars and to understand how stars change over time.

Inner planets are small and dense and have rocky surfaces.

Earth, Mercury, Venus, and Mars are examples of inner plants they are more like each other

Earth's Moon

The Moon is dry and airless and has an irregular surface

Surface features: Maria, Craters, Meteoroids

Moon is 3,476 kilometers across

Small Solar System Objects

Scientist classify these objects based on their sizes, shapes, compositions and orbits.

Outer Planets

The four outer planets are much larger and more massive than Earth , and they do not have solid surfaces.

Including-

• Dwarf Planets
• Comets
• Asteroids
• Meteoroids

• Jupiter
• Saturn
• Uranus
• Neptune

• Interior

The core

The radiation zone

The convection zone

• Atmosphere

Photosphere

Chromosphere

Corona

Stars lives/ Sun

Solar System

How long a star lives depends on its mass. After a star runs out of fuel, it becomes a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.

Our solar system consists of the sun, the planets, their moons, and a variety of smaller objects

Solar system formed about 4.6 billion years ago from a cloud of hydrogen, helium, rock, ice and other materials pulled together by gravity.

Dwarf planets are a lot like regular planets:

- They both have enough mass and gravity to be nearly round - unlike odd-shaped asteroids.

- They both travel through space in a path around the sun.

The big difference?

- A dwarf planet's path around the sun is full of other objects like asteroids and comets.

- A regular planet has a clear path around the sun. Most of the major impacts with other objects in its orbit happened billions of years ago. There is not much left over to get in the way.

Ceres | Pluto | Eris | Haumea | Makemake

Most of the small objects in the solar system are found in three areas: asteroid belt, Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud

A comet is one of the most dramatic objects you can see in the sky at night

Eleni CHATZICHRISTOU

templates: crystal villalonga

adrian carretero