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Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development

Lower Limit

Utilizing ZPD in the Classroom

Ways to Help Students Maximize their ZPD

What does a teacher that scaffolds do?

Use more-skilled peers as teachers.

  • Assess the child's ZPD-use pre-assessments to better determine the needed level of difficulty.
  • Use their ZPD in teaching-knowing their ZPD, design instruction that starts in the upper limits and continue to increase levels of higher thinking.

Allow students to collaborate with each other.

Monitor and Encourage Private Speech

Provide opportunities for students to verbalize their thought process.

Encourage dialogue.

Improve their social abilities to effectively communicate.

Bottom Line...

What criteria would you use to determine a student's Zone of Proximal Development?

Do you think that using a student's Zone of Proximal Development is a good or a bad practice? Justify your point of view.

How would you create/design a lesson to allow for more dialogue?

The most effective instruction is the kind aimed at a child's ZPD, not their individual performance of ability. This method results in gains in child development.

Reflect on ways that you could incorporate assessment of Zone of Proximal Development into your classroom. Explain how you would implement.

What solution would you suggest to a student that is struggling with their assigned task, within their Zone of Proximal Development?

Present instruction with meaningful context

Make the learning goal relevant to the students by offering real world situation and settings.

The lower limit of a child's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) can be described as what the child can achieve independently.

Scaffolding

What is ZPD?

Significance of ZPD

Upper Limit

The concept of scaffolding is directly linked to the use of ZPD.

Scaffolding is the practice of changing the level of support given to students.

The upper limit of a child's ZPD can be described as the maximum a child can achieve with assistance.

The concept of a child's ZPD is significant because it recognizes the understanding that all children develop at different rates and different levels.

Vygotsky's term, Zone of Proximal Development, was used to describe his concept that there is a range of tasks--from too difficult for the child to master alone to those that can be learned with guidance from adults/more skilled peers.

How does it help students?

How does it help teachers?

Students benefit from the use of ZPD because they receive differentiated instruction that fits their needs.

Teachers benefit from recognizing a student's ZPD because they are better prepared to provide the amount of assistance the student needs.

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