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Homeostasis in the Ecosystem

Structure of Prokaryotic Cells

Bacterial Shapes & Arrangements

Ribosomes: Read Dna to make Proteins

Cell Wall: Extra support & Protection for some cells

Plasma Membrane: Regulates what enters and leaves

Nucleoid:Where the DNA exist

Capsule:Sticks cells together acting as food reserve.

Arrangements

-Diplo: Pairs

-Staphylo:Clusters

Strepto:Long Chains

4. Immune Responses

3rd Line Of Defense

1st Line Of Defense

2nd Line Of Defense

Pathogen able to get past the bodys nonspecific defenses the immune system reacts with series of specific defenses to attack particular pathogen

Special white blood cell (T & B)

Phangocytes

3. Role of Viruses and Bacteria

Integumentary System

Non-Specific Immunity

Skin barrier,Mucus,Saliva

Chemical Barrier: Sweat,Tears,Oils,Saliva

2. Structure of Viruses

InfIammatory Response

Non-Specific Immunity

When pathogen does manage to enter body, immune system produce million white blood cell to fight infection

Infected tissue=swollen & painful

Immune Response

Passive Immunity

Immune Response

Active Immunity

Immunity transfer to one individual of antibodies that's produced by another individual.

What is the role of bacteria causing disease?

An individual becoming exposed to live pathogen developing the disease and becoming immune as result of primary immune response.

How do antimicrobial agents increase bacterial resistance?

What is the role of viruss in causing diseases?

5. Transmission of Diseases

Bacteria are microscopic unicelluar prokaryotic organisms. They dont have a nucleus or bound- organelles. They are sperated into two kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.

Ex. Bacillus anthracis (anthrax),Steptoccus etc

A virus cant reproduce on its own because it cant replicate its DNA. Eventually, there are so many viruses in the cell that it busts and virues are free to move on to other cells in the host and the process is repeated.

Antimicrobial agents increase bacterial resistance by finding ways of resisting the antibiotics developed by humans which is why aggressive action is needed to keep new resistance that already exists from spearding.

The effects are it will increase the life span of the human life, increase human healthcare expenses and reduced the efficacy of antibiotics of the human population

What is the role of bacteria maintaining health in the body?

Communicable Diseases

Communicable Disease Transmission

What is the role of bacteria maintaing in the nitrogen cycle?

Our bodies made all the enzymes needed for breaking down food an using nutrients to power and repair out tissues and organs. Bacteria on the other side are on our skin, mouth and intestines. They process from digestion to growth to self- defense.

Ex. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Cholera etc.

In the nitrogen cycle, bacteria is responsible to change nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into solid nitrogen usable by plants calle nitrogen- fixing bacteria. Theyare presented in the soil or plants.

Because communicable diseases can be carried in many bodily fluids or through-out the air we breathe, transmission of the diseases could be fairly simple. Communicable diseases are mainly carried in "body fluids"-blood, mucus, saliva, vomit, stool, urine, and eye discharges-and on the skin and hair.

Communicable diseases are diseases that spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person. The distribution often occurs via airborne viruses or bacteria, but also through blood or other bodily fluid. 'Contagious' and 'Infectious' are terms typically used to describe communicable diseases.

2 Types of Viral Replication

Lysogeic Cycle

When the host celll repourduces normally with viral DNA/ RNA inside

Lytic Cyle

When new viruses are made inside the cell until the cell bursts releasing all new viruses

Prevention of Disease Transmission

Some methods of preventing the contraction of these diseases are, washing your hands.This is especially important before and after preparing food, before eating and after using the toilet. Also, try to avoid touching with your eyes, nose, ears, and mouth with your hands; this is a very common way for germs and bacteria to enter your body. Some other methods are getting vaccinated, staying at home, preparing food safely, and avoid sharing personal items as these can drastically reduce your chances of contracting any communicable disease.

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