The Fourth Aliyah

Bibliography

American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. "Immigration to Israel: The Fourth

Aliyah." Jewish Virtual Library. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/

jsource/Immigration/Fourth_Aliyah.html.

Arriving in Palestine. Photograph. Wikimedia. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/

commons/9/96/PikiWiki_Israel_7139_shchal_-_1924.JPG.

Jews purchasing land. Photograph. Wikimedia. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/

thumb/e/e1/Jews_purchasing_Arab_title_deed_in_Palestine.tif/

lossy-page1-250px-Jews_purchasing_Arab_title_deed_in_Palestine.tif.jpg.

Pinchas Rutenberg. Photograph. Wikipedia. https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Pinchas_Rutenberg#/media/File:Piotr_Moiseyevich_Rutenberg.jpg.

"Poland and the Middle East." Map. Google Maps.

Sachar, Howard. "The Growth of Urban Settlement, the Struggle of Labor Unity."

In A History of Israel, 154-58. 3rd ed. N.p.: Alfred A. Knoff, Inc., 2007.

Western Wall. Photograph. Flickr. http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3395/

3182899916_320a64ee1a.jpg.

Jewish immigrants arrive at new settlements in Palestine, 1924

Jews pray at Western Wall, 1929

Rabbis buy land from local Arab landowners in Palestine, 1920s

Russian Jewish engineer Pinchas Rutenberg

built the first electric power station in Tel Aviv in 1921

Jews like Rutenberg advanced the growing economy by creating new industrial opportunities

Histadrut

The Fourth Aliyah

• Founded in Haifa, 1920
• First emphasized creating job opportunities for Jews in agriculture, then turned its attention towards urban areas
• Organized unions among all professions, helping workers with collective bargaining
• Established different subsidies that:
• Bought goods from kibbutzim and, in turn, sold them other necessities
• Organized a marketing outlet and workers' bank
• Provided workers with affordable housing

Industry Boom

• In 1921, a brick factory was constructed in Tel Aviv, sparking the industry boom
• From 1922 and on, Jewish businesses established a salt works, a flour mill and an oil and soap factory in Haifa
• In 1925, a cement factory and several textile plants were also built there
• The majority of Polish Jews, however, opened simpler workshops
• Many also became involved in construction

Effect on Palestine

• Immigrants doubled the populations of Jerusalem and Haifa, as well as made an actual city out of Tel Aviv
• Laid the basis of the Yishuv's urban economy
• While the majority of immigrants moved to towns and cities, the percentage of Jews in agriculture also rose

Who

Yoni, BrYan, Daniel, Arielle

• The post-war Warsaw government, wary of minorities, supported regulations that replaced Jewish employees with Poles
• As such, a third of the middle class Jewish merchants went bankrupt
• Only hope was to emigrate to Palestine

Jews stepping off the boat in Palestine after the long voyage from Eastern Europe

When and Where

• Took place between 1924 and 1929
• Included 70,000 Jews who emigrated from Poland, another 8,000 from Caucasus and the Middle East