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Logical inference
"She cried as she stood beside the graveyard"
Where was she?
A cemetery (That is where you find graves)
It can be a 'how' or 'why' question in disguise
SO
must read the question carefully to know its demands
What was the reason for his refusal to complete his HW= Why didn't he complete his HW
Who- asking you to identify the person
Where- asking you to identify the place
When-asking you to give a time as your answer
How- asking you to give the METHOD/PROCESS the answer
Read between the lines
Infer the meaning
Use your background knowledge
Empirical Inference
"She cried as she stood at the graveyard" Why was she crying?
Retrieve facts from the passage
Someone she cared for had died (If you see someone crying near a grave, you would guess this was the case)
Example
Answers stated plainly in passage
QUOTING
"He's a walking dictionary"
walking is associated with legs and people
Dictionary is a book that provides meaning of most words in a certain language
Quoting a word/phrase/sentence/expression
The term walking dictionary suggests that he is a person who knows the meaning of a lot more words than an average person.
Note: NEVER CHANGE THE FORM OF WORD FROM THE PASSAGE. COPY IT EXACTLY AS IT APPEARS IN THE PASSAGE
1. Find the answer in the author's words/ check context of question
2. Identify key words
3. Replace every key word
-synonym
-a phrase with similar meaning
-associated word
-antonym
4. Arrive at final answer
rewrite in own words BUT keep the meaning
read the phrase or sentence in its context
1. Use contextual clues
" The hero died a beautiful death"
Beautiful here means: inspiring, holy
IT DOES NOT MEAN: attractive, splendid
unravel the meaning of the word based on the passage
3 ways to unravel the meaning of words
1. understanding of the expression
1. Tests understanding of words/phrases/expressions used in the passage
2. Require you to look at word associations
3. Require you to look at slight differences in meaning (nuances)
" Seeing the eight A1s on his report card, John floated out of the school hall"
What is the author suggesting with the use of the word "floated"
2. Analyze compound words
Wrong eg: It suggests that he was happy
Better eg: It suggests that John felt so happy that he drifted out of the school hall
" Sunblock"
Sunblock= sun+block
Therefore it means a barrier to the sun
2. word association
3. Slight difference in meaning
3. Take note of suffix and prefix
" The animal snapped ferociously"
" Joshua drifted from one job to another"
What is the autor suggesting with the use of the word "drifted"?
" Get back here, you imbecile!" Glen bellowed.
Why did the author use the word "bellowed" instead of "shouted"
Acceptable: Fiercely, in a fierce manner
Unacceptable: Fierce
Drift-> floating, driven by the waves or current of the wind-> moved
Drift->float wherever the waves bring it->no clear direction
He is suggesting that John moved aimlessly from one job to another.
Both words tell us that Glen spoke in a loud voice. BUT bellowed suggests that he said it in a deep voice too.
A: It was to show that Glen spoke in a voice that was loud and deep.