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Some of the risks are.
Low Self-esteem
Depression
Marital conflict-fights, tension, and other struggles
Weak community sanctions against IPV
The term "intimate partner violence" describes physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse, and it can occur in heterosexual and homosexual relationships (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013).
How often does your partner? Never Rarely Sometimes Fairly Frequently
Often
1. Physically hurt you? O O O O O
2. Insult or talk down to you O O O O O
3. Threaten you with harm? O O O O O
4.Scream or curse at you? O O O O O
Shakil. A, Smith Donald, Sinacore J.M, Krepcho M, (2005).
There are four different risk factors
Individual Factors
Relationship Factors
Community Factors
Societal Factors
In 2003 the annual costs for IPV exceeded 8.3 billion dollars. This includes the medical and mental health costs as well as the loss of productivity from lost work days.
Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST)
1. In general, how would you describe your relationship?
A lot of tension
Some tension
No tension
2. Do you and your partner work out arguments with:
Great difficulty
Some difficulty
No difficulty
3. Do arguments ever result in you feeling down or bad about yourself?
Often
Sometimes
Never
4. Do arguments ever result in hitting, kicking, or pushing?
Often
Sometimes
Never
5. Do you ever feel frightened by what your partner says or does?
Often
Sometimes
Never
6. Has your partner ever abused you physically?
Often
Sometimes
Never
7. Has your partner ever abused you emotionally?
Often
Sometimes
Never
These are a few of the Psychological issues caused by IPV
Fisher V.M (2001)
Most Common IPV Screening Tools
Rabin R.F, Jennings J.M, Campbell J.C, Bair-Merritt M.H, (2009)
Domestic Violence Prevention Enhancement and Leadership Through Alliances (DELTA)
National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS)
Violence Education Tools Online (VETOViolence)