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refraction in fibre optic cables

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refraction

Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium into another with a different optical density.

For example light passing through air would go at a different speed than light passing through glass.

what are fibre optic cables?

fibre optic cables are cables that transmit information by using pulses of light

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE

The angle of incidence is the angle of light that starts to refract .

how do fibre optics work?

the cable has a core (center tube) and a cladding (cylinder around the core). light is faster in the cladding than the core. When light moves from the core to cladding it refracts away from the normal.This is because the light always hits the boundary at a angle wider than the critical angle and it does total internal reflection (TIR) instead of refraction and light bounces down the tube from side to side.

the critical angle

if the angle of refraction is 90 degrees, then the angle of incidence becomes the critical angle. if the angle of incidence is bigger than the critical angle it reflects not refracts.

The normal

the angle of refraction

The normal is a dashed line that we put the light ray on and see where it refracts to.

the angle of refraction is the angle that the light comes out after refracting.

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