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Using the Seismometer
Main cause of tsunami is due to plate shifts and earthquakes; therefore have to monitor tectonic behaviour
A seismograph is a device for measuring the movement of the earth,
Because seismology is a way of measuring tectonic movement on a long term scale, it is an effective to predict the areas which are most prone to tsunamis due to over-agitated movements. Earthquakes occurs before the tsunami.
However, because this is a long term monitering system, it is not very effective at predicting specific times that tectonic disruption will occur. I also cannot predict tidal patterns or any aquatic behavior; other instruments have to be used.
Short Term
The Bottom Pressure Recording (BPR) detects greater water pressure when a passing tsunami increases the height of water above it. The surface buoy receives transmitted information from the BPR via an acoustic link and then transmits data through a satellite link to central stations.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/flash/asia_tsunami_warning.swf
Effectiveness
- Can be placed miles out from shore, traces tsunami hours before it reaches land
- The monitoring is done by computers and sent by signals for human observation (safety)
- Because the monitors are underwater, they are hard to set up and install, equipment is often expensive
- If there are faults in the machinery, they are hard to reach
Indian Ocean