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Predicting Tsunamis

Long Term

Seismology

Using the Seismometer

How it Works

Effectiveness and Limitations

Main cause of tsunami is due to plate shifts and earthquakes; therefore have to monitor tectonic behaviour

A seismograph is a device for measuring the movement of the earth,

Because seismology is a way of measuring tectonic movement on a long term scale, it is an effective to predict the areas which are most prone to tsunamis due to over-agitated movements. Earthquakes occurs before the tsunami.

However, because this is a long term monitering system, it is not very effective at predicting specific times that tectonic disruption will occur. I also cannot predict tidal patterns or any aquatic behavior; other instruments have to be used.

Short Term

Case Study: Japan

How It Works

When an earthquake occurs, JMA immediately issues information on its hypocenter, magnitude and observed seismic intensity. If the seismic intensity is 3 or greater, the Agency issues a Seismic Intensity Information report within one and a half minutes. The information is provided to disaster prevention authorities via dedicated lines, and reaches the public through local governments and the media.

The Bottom Pressure Recording (BPR) detects greater water pressure when a passing tsunami increases the height of water above it. The surface buoy receives transmitted information from the BPR via an acoustic link and then transmits data through a satellite link to central stations.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/flash/asia_tsunami_warning.swf

Effectiveness

Positives

- Can be placed miles out from shore, traces tsunami hours before it reaches land

- The monitoring is done by computers and sent by signals for human observation (safety)

Limitations

- Because the monitors are underwater, they are hard to set up and install, equipment is often expensive

- If there are faults in the machinery, they are hard to reach

Indian Ocean

Bottom Pressure Recorders

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