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Moral Foundations Theory

Loyalty/betrayal

Authority/subversion

  • Adaptive need to form coalitions that could defend against outside groups
  • In-group loyalty: "team players" are valuable and rewarded
  • Makes us want to hurt, ostracize, or even kill those who betray our group
  • Helps individuals meet adaptive challenge of forging beneficial relationships within hierarchies
  • Rank/status: signs that help us recognize whether others are behaving properly given their position in the hierarchy
  • Authority = Protecting order & fending off chaos

Fairness/cheating

Sanctity/degradation

Moral Foundations Theory

  • Evolutionary need to balance benefits of cooperation with risk of exploitation
  • Makes us sensitive to signs that a person will be a good partner for collaboration or a bad partner, i.e., a cheater
  • Proportionality: making sure that people get what they deserve and do not get things they don't deserve
  • Response to "omnivore's dilemma"
  • Evolutionary need to guard against pathogens, parasites, and other threats
  • "Behavioral immune system" makes us sensitive of symbolic objects and threats
  • Helps bind groups into moral communities
  • Developed by Jonathan Haidt et al.
  • Based on theories of moral psychology and evolutionary biology
  • Six moral foundations: Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, Sanctity & Liberty
  • "Organized in advance of experience"

Liberty/oppression

Care/harm

  • Primes us to recognize and resist attempted domination
  • Triggers impulse to form groups to resist or overthrow bullies and tyrants
  • Encompasses values of political equality (left) and independence (right)
  • Evolutionary response to challenge of caring for vulnerable children
  • Sensitizes us to signs of suffering and need
  • Makes us despise cruelty and moves us to act against it
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