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Gestalt Group Therapy

Kylie Boardman, Megan Brice, Erin Morgan, Michaela Tratos

Stages

Goals & Concepts

Stage 1

Identity and Dependence

Stage 2

Influence and Counterdependence

Stage 3

Intimacy and Interdependence

The most basic goal of a Gestalt group is to provide members with a context that enables them to increase awareness of what they are experiencing and the quality of their contact with others

Gestalt Therapy

Developed by Fritz and Laura Perls in the 1940s

Paradoxical theory of change: personal change tends to occur when we become aware of what we are as opposed to trying to become what we are not

Based on the assumption that people are best understood in the context of their environment

Holism:

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Field Theory:

Unfinished Business:

unexpressed feelings, events, and memories that remain in the background waiting for completion

understanding the client in the context of their environment (or field) they are living in while also recognizing that their field is always in flux and related to other processes

Blocks to Energy:

Grounded in existentialism and is phenomenological

Figure-Formation Process:

unexpressed emotion (unfinished business) can block energy which then shows up in the body in a variety of ways

the world that clients live in cycle through what is in the foreground (the focus of the client’s attention at any point in time) and what is in the background (the rest of the environment)

Contact:

fully interacting with our environments and with other people without losing one’s sense of individuality

Introjection:

uncritically accepting others’ beliefs

Projection:

Disturbances to Contact:

disowning certain aspects of ourselves by ascribing them to someone else

Retroflection:

holding back an impulse and directing it towards the self instead of outwardly

Confluence:

the boundary between self and other becomes so blurred that the boundary is lost

Deflection:

avoiding direct contact in favor of a partial, less satisfying experience with our environments

Erving & Meriam Polster

pioneered relational Gestalt therapy (RGT)

Organismic Self-Regulation:

describes the self-regulatory relationship between the client and their environment

Awareness:

paying attention to the structure of experience, with specific attention to the what and how of such experiencing

Individual vs. Group

Techniques and Procedures

Here-and-Now:

Gestalt therapy emphasizes learning to appreciate and fully experience the present

What are individual goals of Gestalt Therapy, and how may they be incorporated in group therapy?

Role of Group Leader

Experiences and experiments

Language- verbal and nonverbal

Internal Dialogues

Making the Rounds

Fantasy Approaches

Rehearsal

Exaggeration

Dream Work

Individual Goals in Gestalt Group Therapy

Group Goals of Gestalt Therapy

  • Integrating polarities within oneself

  • Enriching and expanding awareness

  • Achieving contact with self and others

  • Learning to provide self-support instead of looking to others for support

  • Defining boundaries with clarity

  • Translating insights into action

  • Being willing to learn about oneself by engaging in creative expression

  • Learning to flow smoothly through the awareness-excitement-contact cycle without serious blockage
  • Learn to ask clearly and directly for needs

  • Learn how to effectively deal with interpersonal conflict

  • Lean how to give support and energy to one another

  • Be direct with each other and speak in first person

  • Challenge group members while still respecting space and boundaries

  • Create a community based on trust

  • Learn how to give feedback

  • Learn how to give advice

  • Use resources in the group rather than the group leader.

10 min

Direct experiencing & experimenting

Direct contact & personal presence

Attention to what & how

Here-and-now focus

Application in Schools

Multicultural Considerations

Therapist has knowledge of many developmentally appropriate exercises.

The major focus would be to allow children to be aware of what they are doing, how they are doing it and how they can change.

Gestalt Therapist pay close attention to how clients view their world

Therapists are less likely to impose personal values and beliefs due to phenomenological attitude

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