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Krashen's Input Hypothesis
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"In the real world conversation with sympathetic native speakers who are willing to help the acquire understand
are very helpful" Stephen Krashen
An expert in linguistics, specializing on language acquisition and development. He has published over 100 books and is also a famous lecturer in Universities.
comprehensible input
what is comprehensible input??
According to Krashen input should be one step beyond the learner's current language.student cannot cope with or learn from language input that is at i+6 or i+13. The input must be made comprehensible.
Other characteristics of Input Hypothesis:
1. grammar: when delivered in sufficient quality and quantity, automatically contains all the appropriate structures for the acquirer so the teacher does not need to program or explain grammar since it is being acquired inductively.
2. speaking: Speech will happen when the learner feels ready. Learners should have a "silent period" where they are building up acquired competence in a language before producing it.
Evidence that support Input Hypothesis
First language acquisition in children: using the caretaker speech it aims to be, comprehensible and covers the child's i + 1.
Teacher-talk is foreigner-talk in the classroom, the language of classroom management and explanation, when it is in the second language.
second language acquisition: simple codes. Foreigner-talk results from the modifications native speakers make with less than fully competent speakers of their language
"The input hypothesis relates to acquisition, not learning"
e-tivity 4
Jessica A. Gómez
Krashen's Input Hypothesis
3. Optimal input must be comprehensible, interesting, relevant, and functional; in other words, real language for real situations.
"Language Acquisitions occurs when learners receive messages that they can understand"
Stephen Krashen on Language Acquisition
Lecture from the 80's
The Input Hypothesis!!
But we are going to focus on just one hypothesis
Stephen Krashen
Krashen´s Theory of L2 Acquisition
This theory cosists on 5 main hypothesis:
the Acquisition-Learning hypothesis,
the Monitor hypothesis,
the Natural Order hypothesis,
the Input hypothesis,
and the Affective Filter hypothesis.