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  • Currently, biomass is heavily utilized in California.
  • California procures 60 million bone dry tons of biomass every year.
  • Out of those 60 million tons, only 5 million are actually used in the production of energy.
  • These 5 million tons consist of urban food waste, lumber mill waste, forest and agricultural remains, and other feed stock.
  • If all 60 million tons were used, 2000 megawatts of electricity can be produced, which is enough to power 2 million homes!
  • Biomass would work well in Illinois, because several tons of food waste are produced every year, especially from Chicago. This food waste, coupled with all the other forms of biomass, would provide substantial amounts of energy.

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Bibliography

The Science Behind Biomass

Real World Uses

Chemical

Biomass can be converted to chemical forms, through methanol production. In most conversions, gasification comes first, which turns the biomass into a fuel made of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The gas is called producer gas. This gas can be used Internal combustion. As any biomass can do this, this is much more attractive than combustion.

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What is Biomass?

"How Biomass Energy Works." Union of Concerned Scientists. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.

"Biomass Energy." , Definition of Biomass Energy and the Types of Biomass Energy, Pros and Cons. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.

"Biomass Energy: Pros and Cons." Triple Pundit People Planet Profit. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.

"Biomess Energy." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.

N.p., n.d. Web.

"The Energy Story - Chapter 10: Biomass Energy." The Energy Story - Chapter 10: Biomass Energy. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.

"Biomass Energy Basics." NREL: Learning -. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.

"Biomass." EIA Energy Kids -. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.

"Biomass Burning in the Tropics: Impact on Atmospheric Chemistry and Biogeochemical Cycles." Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.

"Environmental Impacts of Biomass for Electricity." Union of Concerned Scientists. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.

Bioenergy, Biomass And. EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF PRODUCING HERBACEOUS CROPS FOR BIOENERGY (n.d.): n. pag. Web

Path to consumers

Biomass is "biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms."

  • First, the biomass is taken to a biomass processing plant, where it is burned in a furnace.
  • Then, the heat boils water above the furnace, which generates steam.
  • This steam turns a turbine, hence generating electrical energy, which can be delivered to consumers anywhere through power lines.

Biomass and Methane Production

Economics Continued

Carbon Dioxide Reduction

Biomass electric plants have installed costs of

approximately $3,000 to $4,000 per kW

($0.8 to 0.15 per kW-hour)

America's average kW-hour consumption for a

resident is 10,908 kW-hours per year.

Illinois' average electricity price is $0.11 per kWh,

which means that Biomass energy (average price

0.10 per kWh) is cheaper

Economics of Biomass Energy

Positive and Negative Impacts on the Environment

  • The carbon used in biomass is in fact part of the natural carbon cycle.
  • For instance, if trees are planted as fast as the wood is burned, the newly planted trees take up the carbon from the burned wood, completing the carbon cycle.

Power Plant Type Cost

$/kW-hr

Coal $0.10-0.14

Natural Gas $0.07-0.13

Nuclear $0.10

Wind $0.08-0.20

Solar PV $0.13

Solar Thermal $0.24

Geothermal $0.05

Biomass $0.10

Hydro $0.08

  • Biomass energy can be made from many local species, including switchgrass, which led to increased soil organic matter(SOM), influencing soil erosion, water, and other factors affecting soil conservation
  • Current biomass plants use a water cooling technology, but after the water goes through the cooling cycle, the water becomes significantly warmer, often causing a negative impact on plant and animal life.

The Science Behind Biomass

Combustion

Since the most common form of biomass is wood, the wood must be converted to usable energy. Burning wood is one of the simplest ways to convert biomass to energy, however this releases greenhouse gases

By: Alex Bian, Andreas Bugler, Srikar Rapaka,

and Deepak Moparthi

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