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Superposition
abstract representation of E field
interaction is independent of other charges
Field line model
E tangent to field line
allows solution of multicharge problems
E greater where lines closer together
lines point away from + /towards -
lines originate on + and terminate on -
lines representing total E don't cross
do a vector sketch and use those component skills
standard fields to know
same problem for gravity
philosophic problem
further abstraction of the complex abstract idea of a field
Our force laws - Newton's Law of Gravity, Coulomb's Law, Magnetic Forces - all apparently act instantaneously over infinite distance. This seems surprising (magical) and different than our human experience
more than 1 charge
Michael Faraday is credited with creating the concept of a field that charges are responding to. This field exists everywhere and therefore the force is a local effect between the charge and the field. We don't have a great sense of this field or what it means to say it exists but it has proven to be a tremendously useful concept.
action at a distance
Electric Field
Field of Point Charge
Operational Definition
test charge in pocket:)
attach test charge to pendulum
measure deflection to determine force
this is how we figure out lots of mysterious field things. Same methodology applies to gavitational and magnetic fields.
Newtonian Dynamics
know the force and you can predict what will happen!