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Battle of Marston Moor (June 1644)
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Could the Royalists have won?
The royalists and the Parliamentarians had an equal chance of winning before hand.
However, when Rupert's sides were defeated the Parliamentarians basically already won because Rupert had a great reputation.
Key to Victory
The royalists had 10,000 fewer troops than the Parliamentarians.
If gone differently maybe the Royalists wouldn't have lost their hope and could have won because they were just as well equipped, committed and trained as the Parliamentarians.
After a few hours victory for the Parliamentarians was obvious because the Royalist Northern army was destroyed.
Another reason they won is that Cromwell came up with a smart plan to attack the royalists from behind.
Start: 7pm- Parlimentaires attack and catch Royalists off guard
Royalists chase off Fairfax's cavalry, but follow them off the field
Parlimentary left wing broke Royalist Byron's cavalry and held their ground against Prince Rupert's counterattack
Cromwell and Leslie's cavalry broke Royalist right wing
Cromwell and Eastern Association scattered Royalist infantry
Goring tries to rally his cavalry, but fails
Royalists retreated to York
Newcastle Whitecoats stayed and fought until they were all dead
Significance of the Battle
This battle was known as the Beginning of the End
of the English Civil war
The Parliamentarians gained control of Northern England by winning this battle
Rupert and the Royalist cavalry lost their reputation as an indestructible force
Casualties:
Royalists: 4,000 dead
1,500 captured
Parliamentaries: 150 dead
Five years after the battle Cromwell became king of England and King Charles I was killed.
Battle of Marston Moor
Battle of Marston Moor (July 2, 1644)
Commanders
Royalists Army of 18,000: Prince Rupert, Marquess of Newcastle, Lord John Byron(left flank), Lord George Goring(right flank)
Parliamenatries: Earl of Manchester(Eastern Association) and Lord Fairfax(Northern Association)
Scottish: Earl of Leven, Oliver Cromwell(left flank), and Sir Thomas Fairfax(right flank)
Objectives
Attacking: Royalists attacked Parlimentaries and Scottish
Objective: Retaliation after a siege on their York stronghold
Place: Marston Moor