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Dislocation- Is a partial or complete displacement of the bones.

First aid:

1. Call for help immediately

2. Splint the affected part

3. Do not try to move a dislocated part or force it back into place.

4. Apply ice on the injured part to reduse swelling

Heat Exhaustion- Is caused by loss of salt and water due to excessively high temperature. this may lead to Heatstoke and even death.

First Aid:

1. transport a victim to a cool place.

2. give him/her a plenty of water.

3. check for vital sign

4. seek medical help

Choking- Results when a foreign object blocks the throat.

First aid:

1. Ask the person if he is choking

2. Encourage him/her to cough

3.When the person cannot speek or stop coughing, give him five back blows. stand behind him and help him lean forward. support his chest with one hand,, and give him 5 sharps blow between the shoulder blades with the heel of your hand.

4. If back flows fails, try abdominal thrust. stand stand behind the person and put your arms around the upper part of his abdomen. Clench your fist with thumbs inward place it between navel and the bottom of breastbone. Grasp your fist with your other hand. Pull sharply inwards and upwards up to 5 times

5. Check his mouth. if Obstruction is not cleared repeat the back blows and abdominal thrust.

6. If obstruction still has not cleared, call for an ambulance. Continue until help arrives.

Heart attack- is caused by a sudden obstruction of blood supply to the part of the heart muscles.

First aid:

1. Help the person sit or lie down with head elevated.

2. Call for medical help.

3. If the person is conscious. Give him/her a full- dose aspirin and advise him/her to chew it slowly.

4. Constantly monitor the vital signs. Be prepared to give rescue breaths and chest compression.

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Stroke- is a condition in which the blood supply to a part of the brain is suddenly and seriously impaired by a blood clot or ruptured blood vessel.

First aid:

1. If the person is conscious, help him to lie down with his head and shoulders slightly raised and supported

2. incline his head to the affected side and place a towel on his shoulder to absorb any drilling

3. call for help

4. Loosen any tight clothing

5. monitor vital signs and reassure the victim

6. if the victim is unconscious, give the rescue breathing and chest compression

7. Call for an ambulance or call for help.

Heat stroke- is caused by a failure of the "thermostat" in the brain to regulate body temperature. when this happens the body becomes seriously heated.

First aid:

1. Move the person immediately to a cool place.

2. remove as much of his outer clothing as possible

3. Call for medical help

4. Wrap the person in a cold, wet sheets and keep the sheet wet until his temperature drops to 38' or 37.5'C under the tongue or armpit, respectively

5. If the person has returned to normal temperature. replace wet sheets with dry one.

6. Monitor vital signs until helps arrives.

7. If temperature rises.repeat the cooling process.

Burns- are often due to domestic incidents such as touching iron.friction ( Rope burns) Or spilling boiling water on the skin.

First aid:

1. For minor burns, flood the injured area with cold water for at least how long to stop burning and relieve pain.

2. Put on gloves and cover the area with sterile non-adhesive dressing or bandage.

3. for severe burns, help the person to lie down and prevent the burnt area from coming into contact with the ground. Douse the burn with plenty of cold liquid.

4. seek for medical Assistance. Do not delay medical help.

5. wear disposable gloves and gently remove any rings, watches, belts, shoes or smouldering clothing before the tissues begin to swell.

6. carefully remove any burnt clothing. unless it is sticking to the skin. Cover the burnt area with non-adhesive dressing or bandage

7. Continue to monitor Vital signs

8. Reasssure casualty and treat for shock

Chemical Burns- may occur when electricity passes through the body.

First aid:

1. Make sure that contact with the electrical source is broken.

2. Flood the sites of injury at the entry and exit points of the current with plenty of cold water.

3. wear disposable gloves and place a sterile Dressing Or a bondage over the burn to protect it from airborne infection.

4. Call for medical help.

5. Reassure the victim and treat for shock

Drowning- Happens when air cannot get into the lungs because of water. it can cause immediate death when taken for granted.

First aid:

1. Lay the person down on his/her back

2. Check breathing and open airways.

3. Give rescue breaths and chest compression if necessary.

4. if the person is breathing, Place him/her in the recovery position

5. treat for hypothermia by removing wet clothing and covering him/her with a dry blanket

First aid for common Unintentional Injuries

Food Poisoning- Is caused by consuming food or drink that is contaminanted with bacteria or viruses

First Aid:

1. Help the person to lie down and rest

2. Give him Plenty of flavorless fluids to drink and a bowl to use if he vomits.

3. Call medical help if the condition worsens.

Sprain- is an injury to the ligaments of a bone due to accidental tearing or overstretching.

Strain- Is an injury to muscles which is a result of improper use of the muscle.

First Aid:

1. Rest the injured part

2. Apply ice

3. Compress the injured part

4. Elevate the injured part.

Fractures- is a break or crack in a bone. an open fracture pierces the skin surface while in a closed fracture , the skin above is intact

First aid:

1. Check vital sign

2. Do not removed the injured part

3. Stop bleeding if there is any.

4. If you have to move the person, immobilize the broken part by splinting

5. Seek Medical Help immediately.

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