The Odyssey - Book XII

Book XII - Sea Perils and Defeat

Response

• Southerners and slave owners protested at Abolitionist meetings
• Slaves and Northerners attended to support movement

http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/slavery-abolition-1835-granger.jpg

Epic Conventions - Epithet

• "great Odysseus"
• Odysseus is the epic hero of the story

• "Father Zeus"
• Zeus is the leader and most powerful god
• "the overlord of high noon, Helios"
• Helios is the god of the sun who rides the chariot of the sun through the sky

The Change

• Brought slavery to everyone's mind politically
• Created animosity North and South
• Became an issue in Civil War
• Led to 13th Amendment

http://freedomweek.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/410_13thamendment_hands.gif

Bibliography

"13thamendment hands." Word Press. Word, n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2013.

<http://freedomweek.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/410_13thamendment_hands.gif>.

"13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution." The Library of Congress. Lib. of Cong., n.d. Web. 25 Feb.

2013. <http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/13thamendment.html>.

"D39 CROSS." School Stickers. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2013. <http://www.schoolstickers.co.uk/

images/products/medium/D39_CROSS.gif>.

Nathan, and Lilitu. "In what ways did the Second Great Awakening influence Abolition?" Yahoo!

Answers. Yahoo!, n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2013. <http://answers.yahoo.com/question/

index?qid=20091103231424AAL79L1>.

"Runaway Slaves on Underground Railroad." Blogspot. Blogspot, n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2013.

<http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ffaw_9jtag8/T0t-H8Lod3I/AAAAAAAAD6E/pwDOlrLhSFM/s1600/

runaway-slaves-on-underground-railroad.jpg>.

"The Second Great Awakening." United States History. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2013.

<http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1091.html>.

"Slave Being Beaten." Blogspot. Blogspot, n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2013. <http://1.bp.blogspot.com/

-as62XsBAZA0/T_xHmF1gzRI/AAAAAAAABX8/e79tqk0abVU/s1600/slave-being-beaten.jpg>.

Slave Being Whipped. Personal PSU. Personal PSU, n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2013.

<http://www.personal.psu.edu/sxr133/blogs/team4blog/outrage.jpg>.

"Slave Preaching." Learn NC. Learn NC, n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2013. <http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/

uploads/2009/04/aarslavepreachinglrg.jpg>.

"slavery abolition 1835 granger." Fine Art America. Fine Art America, n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2013.

<http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/slavery-abolition-1835-granger.jpg>.

Stewart, James Brewer. "Abolitionist Movement." History. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 25 Feb.

2013. <http://www.history.com/topics/abolitionist-movement>.

"Tarot Temperance." Tarot Meaning. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2013. <http://www.tarotmeaning.org/

tarotcards-large/tarot-temperance.jpg>.

Thevarajah, Sadena. "Religious Origins." Antislavery Movement. Sadena Thevarajah, n.d. Web. 25 Feb.

2013. <http://cghs.dadeschools.net/slavery/anti-slavery_movement/religious_origins.htm>.

Epic Conventions - Epic Simile

• "Her legs- and there are twelve- are like great tentacles, unjointed, and upon her serpent necks are borne six heads like nightmares of ferocity, with triple serried rows of fangs and deep gullets of black death"
• Heightens the danger and lethality of Skylla, the sea monster
• Serves the purpose of describing Skylla through the eyes of Odysseus

THE END

Deus ex Machina

• "a giant wind blew from heaven, and clouds driven by Zeus shrouded land and sea in a night of storm"
• Zeus brews up a storm that keeps Odysseys and his men on the island of the Sun
• "punish Odysseus' men"
• Helios asks Zeus to punish Odysseus and his men for eating his cattle

• "Zeus Kronion piled a thunderhead above the ship"
• Zeus brews another storm that kills all of Odysseus' men and wrecks his ship
• "Never could I have passed her had not the Father of gods and men ... kept me from her eyes."
• Odysseus credits his survival of passing Charybdis for a second time to the gods (Zeus, Athena) for watching over him

Odysseus

Thomas Cole, The Course of Empire

Revelations about Odysseus:

Odysseus displays his leader-like qualities and traits of an epic hero

1.) "Do you never tire? ... iron is what you're made of." pg. 219

- Odysseus is persistently striving to achieve his goal of making it home to Ithica to the point where he seems immortal to his exhausted crew - suggests his epic hero-like qualities

2.) "I clung grimly, thinking my mast and keel would come back to the surface" pg. 224

-Even after drifting through the night, into the sunrise, Odysseus still manages to survive while on the verge of death by using his strength and wit, two heroic qualities.

3.) "Did I not keep my nerve, and use my wits to find a way out for us? ... this peril too shall be something that we remember" pg. 216

-Odysseus gives a pep talk/encouraging speech to his men just before they encounter Skylla and Kharybdis. Odysseus displays leader-like qualities by inspiring and giving his men hope despite already knowing that six of his men will die to Skylla

Questions

Why does Odysseus, the epic hero, not mention to his men Circe's warning about Skylla? Was this wise of him or not?

Are the men responsible for their death by killing Helios' cattle?

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Greek Codes of Behavior

Relationship to Temperance

• Used religion to oppose social issues
• Were started to combat violence
• Those who opposed slavery also opposed drinking

• Xenia
• Circe lets Odysseus and his men stay for one more night and feast
• Honoring the gods
• Odysseus's men decide to kill and eat the cattle of Helios, and as a consequence they are all killed by Zeus
• Honoring the king/country
• Odysseus doesn't want to waste the king's time by repeating his story
• Nostos
• Odysseus and his men are trying to get home for the entire duration of the book
• Hubris
• Odysseus speaks highly of himself and takes credit for many things that he wouldn't have accomplished without the help of others

Caspar David Friedrich, Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog

http://www.tarotmeaning.org/tarotcards-large/tarot-temperance.jpg

by Michael Tran, Paul LaVallee, Lawrence Jung, Omar Nunez, Charlie Greenblatt, Burhanuddin Sabir, and Alex Byck