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Primary and Secondary Reinforcers and Punishers
88
Created by Kevin Denney
THE END
Secondary Reinforcers
- acquire their power (learned)
ex. money, praise, good grades
Secondary Punishers
- can be learned (negative)
ex. criticism, demerits, bad grades
Positive Reinforcement
- Something positive provided after a response in order to increase the probability of that response occurring in the future
ex. praise and rewards
Primary Reinforcers
- satisfy biological needs
ex. food, drink, and light
Negative Reinforcement
- think of it as taking something negative away in order to increase a response
ex. mom yells at you to study and eventually you study without yelling
Primary Punishers
- are naturally unpleasant
ex. pain, heat, cold
Negative Punishment
- happens when a certain desired stimulus/item is removed after a particular undesired behavior is exhibited, resulting in the behavior happening less often in the future.
ex. When a child "talks back" to his/her mother, the child may lose the privilege of watching her favorite television program. Therefore, the loss of viewing privileges will act as a negative punisher and decrease the likelihood of the child talking back in the future.
PSYCHOLOGY
- works by presenting a negative consequence after an undesired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior less likely to happen in the future.
Positive Punishment
ex. A child picks his nose during class and the teacher reprimands him in front of his classmates. Therefore, the child is less likely to pick his nose in the future.