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Sources

WHY DOES THIS MATTER?

The effects of redlining still remain in Chicago and is why our city is one of the top 3 most segregated in the country

The HOLC

Restrictive Covenants

White Flight

  • https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/
  • https://bronzevillebloggers.wordpress.com/2012/04/09/the-origins-of-restrictive-covenenats-in-bronzeville-pt-2/
  • http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1050.html
  • http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=cplan_papers
  • http://intelexual.co/home/?s=chicago

The HOLC (Home Owners Loan Corporation) a part of the New Deal , put in a redlining policy in which affluent white areas were given preference in loans and insurance. Predominantly black neighborhoods were out lined in red to denote undesirability

  • After WW2 many whites ran to the suburbs to separate themselves from other minorities.
  • These suburban houses of course got federal backing
  • White flight devastated the black neighborhoods in Chicago
  • There were less jobs,businesses, and even less government help

Black Americans have about 1.3 trillion dollars in buying power

Lack of Black Businesses

  • By 1917 Buchanan vs. Warley outlawed racial zoning by the state but never laid groundwork for private agreements
  • Multiple deeds prevented Blacks and Asians from buying property in certain areas.
  • By the 1930s the practice was commonplace
  • Despite the Segregation in Chicago's neighborhoods most black ones do not have black-owned businesses
  • Most businesses in black neighborhoods are owned by Asian,Jewish, or other ethnic groups that spend their money in other communities
  • This on top of the economic setbacks Black Americans face keeps these neigborhoods poor

In 1934 the newly established FHA (Federal Housing Administration) used these same out lines to locate where to federally insure house construction

Many Black Americans are also disproportionately affected by food deserts

“…hereafter no part of said property or any portion thereof shall be…occupied by ay person not of the Caucasian race, it being intended hereby to restrict the use of said property…against occupancy as owners or tenants of any portion of said property for resident or other purposes by people of the Negro or Mongolian race.” (Sabey, Donald L. Sabey. The Restrictive Covenant in the Control of Land Use. 1999).

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwiD-qCz9avUAhVj5oMKHYlqC9gQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thechicago77.com%2F2009%2F01%2Fchicago-is-americas-most-segregated-city%2F&psig=AFQjCNFTHl4l9oxo_Rg1d4pYr1anhRM04A&ust=1496930844403150

Gang Violence

Not so Black and White

  • Lack of education and job opportunities forces people to resort to crime (prostitution, drug dealing etc.) to survive
  • Gang activity and Chicago's homicide rate is a result of the lack of money and interest in black and brown communities

Conclusion

Redlining isn't just a black and white issue

Many Latino residents of Chicago face the same discrimination as Blacks and the results are the same. Redlining is why we have neighborhoods that we know are predominantly Asian or Latino,Black, Irish, Polish etc. Its a dark part of Chicago's history that we see everyday

The Great Migration

Education

Redlining in Chicago, as well as many other cities has deeply setback the minority populations and shaped the Chicago we know today.

  • In the 1950s black students studied in Willis Wagons (in order to prevent school integration) which only provided half a day of school
  • Public schools in black neighborhoods continue to suffer from low property taxes
  • Many black schools have closed in recent years
  • Less education leads to less job opportunities and....
  • Between 1916 and 1970 six million Black Americans migrated from the South fleeing terrorism and looking for opportunity
  • The Black population doubled in Chicago by WW1 and was a third of the population by the end of the Great Migration

Side Note

Reverse the Effects!

Many Black Americans were forced compete with European immigrants for work and housing causing the tensions that incited the Chicago Race riots of 1919

We can't undo what the HOLC did years ago but we can actively support Black and Brown communities

  • Support black/brown businesses
  • Donate money to black/brown schools, especially in this budget crisis
  • Volunteer in these communities

A list of Black owned businesses I know of

  • Bahi Cosmetics
  • *Peach's*
  • *Batter and Berries*
  • *Jerk Taco Man*
  • As I Am
  • *The Wood Shop*
  • Find more at https://www.supportblackowned.com

Redlining in Chicago

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