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Religious Revivals

Fundamentalists called for a return to basic beliefs.

Rapid Growth of Cities

Shantytowns are large, crowded slums on the edge of cities.

Tanzania

In order to understand the plight in Africa, we will use Tanzania as an example.

Obstacles to Progress

  • The First President of Tanzania, JULIUS NYERERE, wanted to improve standards of living for Tanzanians.
  • Tanzania's economy was based on cash crops.
  • Nyerere instituted African Socialism and began ujamaa.
  • Ujamaa meant "pulling together" little farms into big farms to increase output.
  • He left Tanzania in debt, but made strides in education and healthcare.
  • Tanzania became a market economy after Nyerere redsigned.

Africa Seeks a Better Future

  • Droughts hit Africa hard in the 1960s. This causes "desertification".
  • Desertification leads to famine. International relief efforts eased the suffering, but starvation is still a huge problem in Africa.
  • The AIDS epidemic:
  • Millions have died. Even those that survive are enervated by this deadly disease and cannot work as effectively. This hurt the economy.
  • AIDS still has no cure.
  • Urbanization
  • Not enough jobs in cities, People turn to crime. Terrible living conditions.
  • Some good effects: opportunities for women, People brought together.
  • Environmental damage
  • Wengari Maathai

Recently, Africa has been in a period of great change. Some Nations began to use Socialist economies, while others used the Capitalist model. From the AIDS epidemic, desertification, starvation, and poverty, there are many, many challenges to overcome.

Despite all of this, progress has been made.

Challenges of development

  • New nations emerged in Africa and Asia after World War II.
  • Nations focused on development
  • Development: Building stable governments, improving agriculture and industry, and raising standards of living

The Developing World

Goals of Development

  • Build strong modern economies
  • Have well trained workers
  • Have schools
  • Have literacy, which is the ability to read and write

Economic Dependance

Unstable Governments

The Green Revolution

Traditional Economies

Economic Policies

Transforming Economies

  • During the !950's and 60's, new and advanced seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and mechanical equipment were introduced to farmers
  • New products and methods of farming are known as the Green Revolution
  • The Green Revolution raised more farm output and crops
  • Large farm owners had advantage because they could grow more crops cheaply
  • As a result, the prices for crops dropped and small plantation owners had to sell their farms
  • Developing nations needed large amounts of capital to finance projects to modernize the economy
  • Governments owned most businesses and controlled farming
  • To pay for development, many countries obtained large loans from banks and governments
  • Developing nations switched to market economies and invested in industries that produced income
  • Traditional Economies: undeveloped economic systems that rely on custom and tradition, using simple tools and methods of production passed down from earlier generations.
  • Most people are farmers or craftspeople who make or grow enough to meet their needs.
  • They trade surplus for other goods

Leaders set ambitious goals:

  • Increasing food output
  • Develop industries
  • Construct roads, airports, and railroads
  • Built powerplants

Life Changes

Global south

  • Located South of Tropic of Cancer
  • Holds 75% of the world's people
  • Contains natural resources
  • Rich Industrial nations

However, child labor was still common.

After WW2, women had more rights.

Obstacles to Development

Population increase put a strain on resources.

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