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Temperate Deciduous Forest

Boreal Forest

Tundra

Biomes

Grassland

Biome - A biome is a large geographic region defined by climate (precipitation and temperature) with a specific set of biotic and abiotic features.

The Grassland biome is also referred to as the Prairies. There is moderate rainfall to support tall grasses, but not very many tree species. There are hot, dry summers which can lead to forest fires to suppress tree growth. The most common animal species in the Grassland biome is the bison.

The Temperate Deciduous forest biome is dominated by deciduous trees. These are trees that lose their foliage in the fall and grow new leaves in the spring. The Deciduous forest has a long growing season, and is home to a variety of animal species, such as deer, raccoon, and various bird species.

The Tundra is described as a cold desert. It is Canada's most northern biome.

The Tundra has a very short growing season, and only specific species of plants, such as mosses, can survive in this region.

Vast regions of the Tundra have permanently frozen grounds (permafrost). Nutrients are cycled very slowly due to low soil temperatures.

Animal species that live in this biome include caribou and polar bears.

The Boreal forest is the largest biome in Canada. There are warm summers and considerable rainfall. The dominant trees in the boreal forest are coniferous trees. These trees have needles and produce cones, which allow them to withstand the harsh winters.

The flexibility of the short trees enables them to support and shed heavy snow loads. Along with trees, slow-growing mosses and ferns are also found in the boreal forest.

Different regions of the world that share similar characteristics – similar climates, are grouped together to form one major terrestrial ecosystem.

The tropical rain forest is a region consisting of a large annual precipitation rate, and a high average temperature. All of the regions that are a part of the tropical rain forest will share the same characteristics – high temperatures and lots of rain.

Did you know that there are over 30,000 known species of fish in the world?

Coral Reefs

Major Aquatic Ecosystems

Marine Ecosystems

Freshwater Ecosystems

A Freshwater Ecosystem consists of moving bodies of water, such as rivers, lakes, and streams. Lakes and ponds can be further classified based on their nutrient levels.

An Estuary is a partially enclosed body of water where fresh and salt water mix. These bodies of water are high in nutrients and support valuable shellfish, such as clams and scallops. The Gulf of St. Lawrence is the world's largest estuary.

Coral reefs develop in warm, shallow oceans, and support a huge variety of organisms. They are extremely sensitive to changes in water temperature, acidity, and pollution.

Aquatic Ecosystems are divided into two broad categories; freshwater and ocean (marine) ecosystems

An important characteristic of a freshwater ecosystem is a watershed. A watershed is an area of land through which all water drains into a single river or lake. If there is a pollutant that enters a watershed, the areas downstream can be polluted as well.

More than 70% of the Earth's surface is covered in oceans. Marine Ecosystems play an important role in bio geochemical cycles, as marine algae assist in the production of oxygen and the absorption of carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere.

Oligotrophic: A body of water that is low in nutrients

Eutrophic: A body of water that is rich in nutrients

The Intertidal zone refers to the area between the low-tide and high-tide lines near the ocean coastlines. This is where ecosystems are part-time terrestrial and part-time aquatic due to the difference in the tides. The most common species that live in this environment are seaweeds, barnacles, and sea stars. They are able to withstand extremely variant conditions. Intertidal species have protective body coatings and very tough tissues.

Freshwater Ecosystems - Salt concentrations that are below 1%

Marine Ecosystems - Salt concentrations average about 3%

Much of the ocean supports very little life. The open ocean is nutrient poor and unable to support photosynthesizing organisms. However, the shallow waters near the shore of the ocean are rich in nutrients and therefore can support abundant life.

Oligotrophic bodies of water are often clear, deep, and favored for swimming. Eutrophic bodies of water are filled with aquatic plants and insects, are murky, and have less open water.

Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems

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