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Polygyny - powerful men take multiple wives at a weaker mans expense, women are therefore traded with other clans including hostile groups due to short supply
Infant Betrothal - marriage is arranged at the birth of a daughter, the two hamlets involved will avoid direct battle during warfare, they will also give food and assistance to each other in times of need
Brother-Sister Exchange - individual men would arrange to exchange sisters as wives to each other
Bride Service - seen as a last resort for men with no claim on infant girls, this is uncommon due to strong pride in Sambian men, men ingratiate with older men with daughters hoping one may eventually be given to him
Wife Stealing - extreme form of obtaining a bride, occurs when a man steals a woman from an enemy tribe, dangerous as the man risks being attacked and killed ("The Sambia", 2002)
After years of marriage and sucessfully has a child or two he is a man. He has proven himself a warrior. (Sambia of Papua New Guinea), 2010
The boy is now returned to the village. His fourth step of becoming a man is intercourse at marriage, and once married every mensrual cycle his wife has, he must make his nose bleed. He must bathe in mud after intercourse and always chew leaves. His wife's genital odour endagers his life. (Sambia of Papua New Guinea, 2010)
The boys are slowly becoming men. They are whipped and beaten with quill bones to release all feminin essence remaining in their blood. They must then kill an enemy warrior and ingest his semen, making him a better warrior (Sambia of Papua New Guinea, 2010)
ingestion of semen. The young men must stimulate the elder members and ingest their sperm. They call this "Fallatio" belief to make stronger men and warriors
(Sambia of Papua New Guinea, 2010)
Boy is removed from his mother and entered into a cult with the other men of the tribe. 7 days with 18 rituals. First step is the elder men insert long sharp sticks of sugar cane into the young boy's nostrils so that he bleeds into the river. (Sambia of Papua New Guinea, 2010)
The Sambia had no direct contact with members of the western world until the late 1950s. Soon after, the government derestricted their land to the outside world (Herdt, 2003).
Until first contact, the Sambia had little to no knowledge of what lay outside of their home, aside from airplane sightings (Herdt, 2003).
The rite of Passage of the Papua New Guinea men is a passage into Manhood, that generally consists of 6 stages following the Charles Van Gennep's threen stage Process (Art of Manliness,2010)
Technology consists of stone tools, bows and arrows. Newly imported materials were introduced over time (Herdt, 2003)
The economy is heavily based on hunting and agriculture.
As of 1974, the Sambia tribe lives in scattered communities throughout scarcely populated rainforest that runs through the Kratke mountains. They originally arrived from the Papuan hinterlands, some 20 years ago (Herdt, 2003).
Many of Sambia beliefs stem from the idea that women are polluted and distrusted, partially because they are usually from conquered enemy tribes, and partially from their belief in Jerendgu (masculinity is an achievement.)
Beliefs - gender stereotypes control the way Sambian men behave.