Timeline of the Algerian War

Works Cited Page

1960 French Support and Opposition - The Algerian Story. (n.d.). Retrieved January 27, 2017, from https://sites.google.com/a/oxy.edu/the-algerian-story/algerian-revolution/1955-philippeville-massacre-and-more/1957-1959-internationalizing-the-struggle-de-gaulle/1960-french-support-and-opposition

S. (2013, June 3). Algeria to commemorate Afro-Asian Conference in Bandung. Retrieved January 26, 2017, from http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/89156/algeria-to-commemorate-afro-asian-conference-in-bandung

Algerian War. (2017, January 20). Retrieved January 27, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerian_War

Battle of Philippeville. (2016, October 29). Retrieved January 26, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Philippeville

Chabani, N. (2013, February 28). Accueil. Retrieved January 26, 2017, from http://berberes.com/culture/3658-ouvrage-sur-ferhat-abbas-de-leila-benammar-benmansour

Cook, B. (2013, February 11). The Battle Of Algiers. Retrieved January 26, 2017, from http://staticmass.net/world/the-battle-of-algiers-movie-1966-review/

French conquest of Algeria. (2017, January 1). Retrieved January 27, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_conquest_of_Algeria

Les accord d'Évian : l'Algérie vers l'indépendance. (2012, March 18). Retrieved January 27, 2017, from http://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/France-Monde/Actualite/Politique/n/Contenus/Articles/2012/03/18/Les-accord-d-Evian-l-Algerie-vers-l-independance

Organisation armée secrète. (2017, January 6). Retrieved January 27, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_arm%C3%A9e_secr%C3%A8te

Évian Accords. (2016, December 29). Retrieved January 27, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vian_Accords

Timeline of the Algerian War

September 1956

Battle of Algiers

April 1955

UN and the Bandung Conference

1942

'Manifesto of the Algerian People'

May 1958

Mass Demonstration by Colons

March 1962

Evian Accords

Signed on March 18,1962, the Evian Accords was the treaty between France and Algeria ending the Algerian war with a formal ceasefire. The treaty gave Algeria freedom from France, and formalized the idea of maintaining a cooperative exchange between the two countries.

Due to the pressure by the Arab League, the Algerian situation was discussed at the UN and Bandung Conference. Participants of the conference opposed colonialism, and hence opposed France's colonization of Algeria. The two conferences resulted in moral and material support for the guerrilla fighters, as well as pressure from the UN on France's Algerian policy. This benefited the FLN in the Algerian war.

Ferhat Abbas created the "first" real political party that represented the Algerian Muslims. He drew up the 'Manifesto of the Algerian People'; which called for the decolonization from France, and an independent Algerian government with its own constitution. The demands were ignored by France, and the moderate nationalist party was dissolved. This is significant to the war because it was one of the first attempts to gain independence.

The FLN launched a major attack against the capital, and used methods of guerrilla warfare that included terror. As a result of the battle, Algerians gained support from the Communist bloc. and other international powers (even though they were defeated). Also, the French army received international condemnation as they began to adopt tactics of torture and terror to fight the war.

After the Battle of Algiers, the French army and colons viewed the French government as weak; they had not been able to keep Algeria under French control. In May 1958, those opposed to the then current French government (both Algerian muslims and colons) created a mass demonstration to intimidate the new government under Pflimilin's rule. Overall, the French army and French civilians were opposed to their French government. Hence during the Algerian war, the French government eventually lost the support of their own citizens.

1965

1950

1960

1940

1830

January 1960

Barricades Week

August 1955

Battle in Philippeville

1945

VE Day

March-June 1962

OAS Terrorist Campaign

1830

France Began Occupation of Algeria

In response to de Gaulle's new policy (of focusing on weakening instead of destroying the FLN in order to get them to negotiate), the colons rioted once again by throwing up barricades and seizing government buildings. However, this was not a direct protest against de Gaulle, and ended up being a failure for colon leaders. Barricades Week was significant to the Algerian war because it was another riot that showcased French hostility towards their leader's decisions.

The FLN launched another serious attack against the colons using guerrilla warfare in the town of Philippeville. The massacre left 123 muslims/pied-noirs dead. The FLN and the French took this as another opportunity to exaggerate the death tolls; France increasing the number to 1,200, and the FLN to 12,000. This increased nationalist sentiment, benefiting the FLN in the Algerian War.

In 1830, France began its invasion into Algeria. By 1847, Algeria surrendered and France colonization began. This is significant to the Algerian war because for the next 100+ years, French policies and colons caused inequality and segregation against the Algerians. French colonization was a long term cause of the Algerian War.

On VE day in the muslim town of Sentif, FLN members put up Nationalist banners. When the French attempted to take the banners down, attacks on Europeans broke out (including robbery, murder and rape). About 100 victims died across Algeria. Officially, an estimate of 1,000 Algerian Muslims died. However the FLN reported that 40,000-50,000 died, which increased nationalist sentiment. In relation to the Algerian war, VE day was one of the first riots by Algerians against the French.

Since the OAS's main goal was to maintain French colonization of Algeria, the organization tried to undermine the Evian Accords. By launching a 3 month long terrorist campaign, they hoped to be able to prove that the FLN was secretly restarting military action after the signed ceasefire. Although a failed attempt, this event shows that there was still pro-French sentiment among Algerians and French after the Algerian War ended.