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France
Africa
Impose French culture on their colonies and turn them into French provinces
-Colonists had intentions of "civilizing" African societies so they would be more like Europe
Used strategy of "divide and rule" by implementing policies that intentionally weakened indigenous power networks and institutions
Could still resort to military force if its control over a colony was threatened
Britain
Encouraged children of local ruling to get education in Britain.
Groomed new "westernized" generation of leaders
India
Africa
Indirect rule increased divisions between ethnic groups and gave power to certain "big men" who had never had it before in pre colonial history
British
Costs less money to run than a colony did
Didn't require large commitment of military forces
Third form of western control
Austria, France, Germany, Great Britian, Italy, Japan and Russia claimed exclusive trading rights to certain parts of China
Europeans carved out these spheres in China and elsewhere to prevent conflicts among themselves
-Sending officials and soldiers from France to administer their colonies
-Used sultans, chiefs, or other local rulers.
-Local rulers were left in place but were expected to follow advice of European advisors on issues such as trade or missionary activity
-An area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges