Evolution of the Excretory system

Protonephridia- closed tubules that close in flame cells, which help collect the waste and send it out through nephridiopores

Evolution of the Excretory system

Arthropoda

Chordata

Crustaceans and Arachnids

Reptilia

• contain paired excretory organs
• these organs open at the base of particular appendages

Amphibia

Excretes as uric acid through cloaca.

Osteichthyes

Echinodermata

Excreted as urea through cloaca

Sea Cucumber

• coxal glands
• lack kidneys
• system varies depending on the subphylum

Waste is remove from the urine tract, and is released as ammonia that dissolves in the water.

Myriapods and Insects

Starfish

Mammalia

Aves

Excrete through urine tract as urea.

• posses malpighian tubules
• these tubules open into the intestine
• thus digestive and excretory waste both exit from the anus

• nutrients are broken down and the waste is sent through an organ called the pharynx.
• the waste is excreted through the anus

Excrete as uric acid through cloaca.

• star fish has no excretory organs
• They have a water-vascular system that is made up of cells devoted to taking in waste and passing it along through tiny openings as urine

Works Cited Continued

Barnes, R. D. (2013, December 16). Arthropod . Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/36943/arthropod/42368/Excretory-system-and-water-balance

Kraftson. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://myclasses.naperville203.org/staff/NNHSBiology/KraftsonEco/Animal Kingdom Period 2/Cnidaria.aspx

Platyhelminthes. (2014). Retrieved from http://sharon-taxonomy2010-p2.wikispaces.com/Platyhelminthes

(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iv/excretion/excretion-types.php

Mollusca

• Primary organ is the nephridia
• Waste is excreted through the upper part of the mantle cavity

• Slugs use the nephridia
• produce either ammonia or uric acid as a waste product

Annelida

• Excrete through their rectum

Platyhelminthes

• They all have organs called metanephridia which collect their waste.
• This organ is connected to a duct that carries waste to openings called Nephrostones.

Nematoda

Works Cited

• The waste leaves the body through the Nephridipore.

Aves exoticas. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://todoimageness.blogspot.com/2011/09/aves-exoticas-birds-y-pajarillos.html

Trematoda

Barnes RG (1980). Invertebrate zoology. Philadelphia: Sanders College. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.

Planarius

Metanephridia: Excretes through two nephridiums, which are located at the opposite end of the mouth

Bettaso, J. (2013, February 27). Northern red legged frog. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Northern_red_legged_frog_rana_aurora_amphibia.jpg

Protonephridia: Excreted through two external tubes

Earthly issues. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.earthlyissues.com/images/1634-FijiSoftCoral_preview.jpg

• nitrogenous waste excreted through the body wall
• excreted as ammonia
• one or more glands involved in the excretion of salts

Tapeworms

Herndon, L. (Designer). (2013, June 04). Schematic of the adult excretory system [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from http://www.wormatlas.org/hermaphrodite/excretory/mainframe.htm

Protoniphridia: Excretes through mouth

morin. , & antoine (0). Retrieved from http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/thumbnails/filedet.htm?File_name=Trem054p&File_type=gif

Picton, B. (2013, August 16). Real monstrosities. Retrieved from http://www.realmonstrosities.com/2013_08_01_archive.html

Planaria [Print Photo]. Retrieved from http://raven.islandwood.org/kids/stream_health/macros/Planaria.html

Plank, A. (2013, September 13). Reptilia. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reptilia.jpg

Retrieved from http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/wormstapewormphotos.htm

(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lookd.com/frogs/anatomy.html

(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nhptv.org/wild/osteichthyes.asp

Sidewell. (2003, August 18). Osteichthyes. Retrieved from http://wiki.hicksvilleschools.org/groups/hsbiology/wiki/9d8b8/Osteichthyes.html

Wikipedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellyfish

Cnidaria

Hydroid

Jellyfish

Some excreted through mouth

Excrete through mouth

Other excreted by ammonia internally or externally

Ammonia

Coral

Excrete through skin

Ammonia