AN ENVIRONMENT WHERE PATIENTS THRIVE AND NOT BACTERIA
INFECTION CONTROL
DIALYSIS SETTING
... THE END
THANK YOU!
THE GOAL?
"Assume that all
patients are infectious"
STANDARD PRECAUTION
vs.
INFECTION CONTROL
More stringent than Standard Precautions
and designed to prevent transmission
of blood borne virus
and bacterial pathogens
Contact Precautions
intended to prevent transmission of infectious agents including MRO's which are spread by direct or indirect contact
MULTI-RESISTANT
ORGANISMS
THERE
IS
NO
ESKAPE!
Step 2: INFECTION CONTROL
Communal equipment especially weighing scale shold be cleaned after use with detergent and water at least daily
Routine Serum Testing
Dialysis patients are at risk for acquiring BBV infections including HBV, HCV and
HIV.
Of these viruses, hepatitis B has most commonly been transmitted during
hemodialysis treatment.
Most Common Blood Borne Viruses (BBV)
HBV
HCV
HIV
BBV contaminated Equipment
Small blood spills (<10ml)
- use sodium hypochlorite 1:100 dilution
Large blood spills (>10ml)
- decontaminate using 1:10 dilution
GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
* Every week, HD patients are exposed to almost 400 L of water
* The only way to keep bacterial growth under control is prevention
by: Melissa Alarzar, RN, CNN
WHAT ARE THE STANDARD PRECAUTIONS?
EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT
1. HAND HYGIENE
YOUR HANDS CARRY INFECTION
Hand hygiene is a general term used to describe any type of hand cleansing.
PRINCIPLES
- All staff should cover cuts and abrasions with waterproof dressings
- Staff who provide direct hands-on care to patients should not wear artificial fingernails or extenders.
- Hand hygiene facilities should be located as close as possible to the point of contact with patients and dialysis equipment
- It is important to reinforce that hands should be rubbed together after application of the alcohol-based hand hygiene product until all the alcohol has evaporated before engaging in other activities.
CARE FOR PATIENTS AND FOR YOURSELF
Scheduled Immunization is one of the best protection we can offer
- Sharps containers shall be located as close as possible to the point of generation either attached to a trolley or on a mobile stand.
- All sharps, including those with safety features, shall be disposed of into an approved sharps container.
- Sharps containers should be large enough to accommodate the types of devices being used in the area.
- Medication carts/trolleys should not be used to deliver medications to patients.
- All parenteral medications should be prepared in a clean area separate from potentially contaminated items and surfaces.
- Do not carry medication vials, syringes, alcohol impregnated swabs or supplies in pockets
PPE'S ARE BEST IN PROTECTION
GOWNS
EYESHIELD/ GOGGLES
FACE SHIELD
GLOVES
2. Personal Protective Equipments
EYE SHIELD
• required when performing procedures that may generate splashes or sprays of blood or body fluids.
Personal eyeglasses and contact lenses are not considered adequate eye protection.
Eye protection (goggles) should allow for sufficient peripheral vision, be adjustable
to ensure a secure fit, and incorporate indirect air flow properties to reduce fogging.
Aseptic Technique
Minimize equipment close to dialysis machine and patients
dialysis machines should be internally disinfected and externally cleaned and allowed to dry after each patient treatment
Break the chain of infection
indicated to prevent contamination of the HCW’s clothing with
blood, body fluids, MRO’s and other potentially infectious material
GLOVES
WORN WHEN:
Touching blood and body fluids
Handling items or surfaces soiled
Performing vascular access procedures
CHANGED WHEN:
After contact with each patient
Whenever gloves are blood stained
After handling infectious waste containers
- A long-sleeved, fluid-barrier gown should be worn if exposed areas of the body
- All PPE (with the exception of eyewear/goggles unless soiled) should be changed
- and hand hygiene performed between attending different patients.
- PPE should be changed at the earliest opportunity if it becomes contaminated with blood or body fluids