Audio Transcript Auto-generated
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this is actually Hendren and today we're talking about Ivan Pavlov and his lasting
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impact on behavioral ism as well as how he sold canine gastric secretions.
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Ivan Pavlov was born on September 14 and 1849.
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At the age of 21, he decided to pursue a degree in natural science.
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By 1883 he received his first medical degree
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And by 1890 he was the appointed Professor of Physiology.
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As a physiologist. He decided to study the digestive system.
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His animals that he was able to study were not alive
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and this unfortunately skewed his results.
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Pavlov finally had a breakthrough when he was able to
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observe a gunshot victim that had made a full recovery.
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The gunshot victim had a hole in his body which allowed them
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to view his internal organs as well as his internal processes.
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This gave Pavlov the idea to operate on animals.
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Using an antiseptic surgical technique, he prepared a gastric fistula
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that would lead from the dog's digestive organs outside of the body to be collected.
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Pavlov set up included five large dogs
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that were harnessed to a long table.
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Each dog was subjected to an incision
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that created official to and had a tube that collected
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their secretions.
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These dogs were harnessed in and we're going to be facing a large bowl
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of minced meat or meat powder that was just out of their rage.
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The food stimulated the production of saliva and gastric secretions.
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But have love observed one odd thing,
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he noticed that the dogs would begin to salivate when
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they heard the footsteps of their assistant bringing their food.
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have love hypothesized that the dogs would begin to salivate
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and learn to associate food with a trigger
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rather than just the food itself.
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While Pavlov hypothesized this,
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he refrained from pursuing this research because of its subjective nature
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have love.
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Reaffirmed that he was a physiologist and did not
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want to be in the area of psychology.
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Eventually Pavlov decided to pursue his hypothesis.
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The first step was to introduce a neutral stimulus.
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This could be anything. Um he chose a metronome and an electric buzzer
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we know that
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have love allegedly used a belt to condition these dogs.
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Unfortunately, this was a mis translation from Russian to english.
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In his hypothesis, he
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hypothesized that introducing a clicking metronome before the dog
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was served would elicit salivation and gastric secretions.
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Pavlov would play the metronome
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and this would fail to produce any gastric secretions.
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His goal was to make this neutral response a conditioned stimulus.
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He did this by playing the metronome and then giving the dog the food.
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Eventually he repeated this
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and one day played the metronome but did not produce the food.
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The dog
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had the gastric secretions and salivated
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to further prove his point.
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He would play the metronome at specific speeds and then serve the food.
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Eventually the dog became so specifically conditioned
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that they failed to salivate at any other metronome speeds.
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Pavlov's discoveries are what psychologists
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now consider classical conditioning.
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This is the process of learning by association,
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which according to behaviorists
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can explain all the aspects of human psychology
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interestingly enough,
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Pavlov never approved of the theories that behaviorists had
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and then when they built on the back of his experiments,
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he believed that the individualism of the dogs was determining their behavior
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have love, was unfortunately not able to pay for this research
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due to money mismanagement.
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In order to continue to do his studies,
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he started to sell the gastric secretions of the dogs.
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At the time.
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The gastric secretions were an uncommon way of treating Dyspepsia.
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Dyspepsia is otherwise known as indigestion.
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This lucrative treatment provided him with all of
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the money that he needed to continue his
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research.
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Unfortunately,
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he would treat his dogs like machines and he would just replace them when
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one of them would die as a result of the surgeries that he performed.
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Pavlov continued his research until he died of pneumonia on February 27, 1936,
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at the age of 87.
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While Pavlov was originally resistant to behavioral isM and psychology.
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His research
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influenced great minds like Watson.
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The founder of behavioral ism,
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Watson use Pavlov's research to test the
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theory on humans and conditioning fear into infants