Audio Transcript Auto-generated
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Hi, guys.
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My name is Mariana Anise, and I will be giving
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a research presentation on post traumatic stress disorder, also known
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as PTSD.
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So I'm going to start off with a table of
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contents just to give you guys some information of what
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we'll be talking about.
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Eso. I'm going to give you some information about PTSD.
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The history of it.
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Fight or flight.
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Um, then we'll go on to the ideology, biological psychodynamic,
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cognitive information, processing, a neurological.
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Then we'll go on to demographics and just talk about
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statistics and overview some of that information.
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Um, then we'll go on to talk about the symptoms
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that are foreseen in Children and adolescents and the different
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treatment types and how to go about them.
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Okay, to begin fight or flight response.
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What does it mean, flight or flight means?
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Um, it is a body mechanism in the body that
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enables humans and animals to mobilize a lot of their
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energy rapidly in order to cope with threats or so,
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um to survive.
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So let's say you're out in the wilderness and you
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see a bear.
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Um, when that happens, when that reaction happens, you're either
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gonna fight or flight eso you're either going to do
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it. You're gonna fight with them or you're gonna You're
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gonna go.
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Your body is going to move into this different, um,
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into survival mode.
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I guess you would say, or you would flee away
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and you would just run away.
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Yeah. Um, this is just the physical response point of
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view of everything of what really goes on in your
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body when fight or flight is in, um is happening.
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So what is PTSD?
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Um, when we are in danger, it is very normal
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to be or feel afraid.
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Fear triggers many different split Second changes in our bodies
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to repair, to defend or to avoid the danger.
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This is known as fight or flight response.
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It is normal and healthy reaction men to protect a
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person from danger.
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But in post traumatic stress disorder, this reaction changes or
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is damaged.
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Those with PTSD may feel stressed or frightened, even when
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they are no longer in danger.
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It is that an anxiety that some people get after
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seeing or living through a dangerous event.
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So what I noticed is a lot of people who
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get PTSD, our veterans, after coming back from or or
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coming back from whatever countries they were coming from.
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They feel as if they're still in danger.
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And that's just like that's just an example of what
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PTSD is and the effects that can have on you.
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Okay, History of PTSD in World War One and after
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so institutionalized in asylums was the common practice for those
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experience experiencing symptoms of PTSD.
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The government justified these institutions by claiming that people needed
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protection and that these were dangerous people that needed to
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be hidden from the public.
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Treatment was him histrionic or ineffective, such as like malaria,
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insulin, comas and, um, lobotomies.
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World War one veterans came home with shellshock, which I'll
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be talking about.
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Um, early 2000 century discourse on mental health, the field
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of psychology and psychiatric focused on primarily the laboratory experiments
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and worked on toe understand the human in mind.
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So what I thought was really interesting was up until,
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um, fruit mental illness and its treatment had been ignored
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in favor of tangible varietal fruit, brought mental illness to
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center stage with psycho psycho and an electric perspective, which
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I thought was really interesting because we did talk a
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lot about fruit and his methods and his theories shell
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shock, so shell shock is due to minimal understanding of
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mental illness.
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Medical professionals assumed that the symptoms of PTSD, where the
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result of physical brain damage caused by exposure to the
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shock of exploding shells, stigma on mental illness.
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Military authorities assumed that those who became shellshocked were cowards
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or lack moral character.
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The diagnosis and the treatment 10,000 Canadians were diagnosed after
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World War One with shellshock treatment ranged from helpful, too
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cruel fruits technique off talked of talking.
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Physical therapy helped many victims.
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Others were subjected toe electroshock therapy, and many people were
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electrocuted in attempt to stimulate paralyzed nerves, voice and limbs.
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Return of the war heroes when veterans returned integration back
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into society was the principal concern.
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Not every veteran had a job to return.
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Thio, and some because they had injuries or mental illness
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or disease, could not come back and work.
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Canada developed a complicated pension and benefit plan, which did
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not serve all veteran equally and was difficult.
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But if a veteran suffered from poisoning from gas or,
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um, some type of mental illness that they experienced frequent
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skepticism of rejection for benefits, ideology, ideology, refers to the
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scientific investigation into the origins of a disorder that cannot
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be explained biologically.
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Ideology is complicated by the fact that most disorders have
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more than one cause.
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PTSD can occur immediately after a major traumatic event, or
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may take up to six months can occur to anyone
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at any age.
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Um, and PTSD also changes the body's response to stress,
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and it affects the stress hormones and chemicals that carry
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information between the nerves.
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So the biological component event behavioral changes are mediated by
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new neural transmitter activity or cortical changes.
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This model is seen as inadequate in terms of explaining
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cause, the psychodynamic seen as the consequence of an individual's
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inability to integrate successfully a traumatic event into his or
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her cognitive scheme.
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This is seen as one or more comprehensive modules to
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date cognitive information processing.
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Because of the nature and intensity of the trauma, the
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Associated Fear structure is larger, more intense and more easily
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activated than other information structures and the behavioral model of
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it. Ah learning theory model individuals become conditioned toe my
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rate and previously neutral stimulus present during the trauma.
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Social support and number slash types of queues are important
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factor. The last component of it was the neurological one,
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and I was able to find, um I was able
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to find some information on a website that just showed
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all the different numbers and the statistics of really what
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happens, um, in the changes and in the effects of
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the body that it does have when you are going
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through PTSD.
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Demographics. Prevalence Lifetime risk of PTSD is 8.7% and the
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12 month prevalence is 3.5%.
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The higher rates among veterans high risk occupations such as
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police, firefighter, emergency medical personnel, people who constantly, um, face
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fight or flight situations.
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Um, definitely are at a much higher risk than others.
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Ah, third to more than half of those exposed to
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trauma are survivors of rape, military combat, captivity, ethnic slash,
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political internment and genocide.
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The prevalence varies by age, and development.
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Evidence suggests that the threshold is lower amongst older adults.
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Higher rates reporting the use A of Latinos, African American
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and American Indians than non Latinos, whites and Asian Americans
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and have a lower rate than non Latino whites.
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Recovery rates vary as well.
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33% of people exposed to trauma develop PTSD.
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Complete recovery within three months is in about half of
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adults. Others remained symptomatic for more than 12 months.
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Two years.
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Recovery is significantly quicker, and people exposed to unintentional trauma
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factors known to hinder recovery are the reminders of the
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original trauma.
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So if it gets brought into their head or like,
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let's say that there's some sort of item and it
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can bring back those memories and that PTSD normal life,
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stressors, unemployment, illness or breath mint, new traumatic experiences or
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worsening physical symptoms or declining health or cognitive function.
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This symptoms symptoms begin with three months of traumatic event.
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So three months after the event has happened, diagnosis maybe
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months or years later.
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Though, UM, people don't always go or they don't think
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that they have it.
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And then some event happens, and it just makes everything
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come back.
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And then that's when they realized that they really do
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have PTSD.
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Diagnosis may, um, clinical expression may vary across stage of
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development, so in Children avoidance Prezi um, preoccupation with reminders.
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Negative alterations in primary moods due to limitations and expressing
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thoughts are labeling emotions, so they'll be very moody, cranky.
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Just a lot of mixed emotions.
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Um may experience CO um co occuring trauma.
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Ah, physical or domestic violence.
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Chronic circumstances may hinder identification of symptom MMA Logical onset
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avoidant behavior may manifest as restricted play or exploration.
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Reduced participation in school adolescence socially undesirable, unable to fit
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in loss of future aspirations hindered pure relationships due to
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your ability and aggression, reckless behavior leading to injury and
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high risk behaviors or thrill seeking some treatment for it
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may be that the, well, the main treatment that a
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lot of people do use um, for PTSD is psychotherapy
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that is also known as the talk therapy um, and
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medication as well, or both.
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If someone with PTSD is going through an ongoing trauma
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such as abusive relationships, both of the problems need to
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be treated.
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Other ongoing problems, maybe panic disorders, depression, substance abuse or
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feeling suicidal can also play into it.
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How talk therapy works.
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Talk therapist.
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Teach people helpful ways to react to frightening events that
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triggered their PTSD symptoms.
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They teach about trauma and its effects, and they use
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relax, ation and anger control skills to help.
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They provide tips for better sleep, diet and exercise habits,
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and they focus on changing how people react to their
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PTSD symptoms.
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For example, um, a therapy helps people visit places and
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people that are reminders of their trauma so that they're
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able to kind of face that head on psychotherapy.
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Also known again as talk therapy, which involves talking with
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the mental illness health professional to treat mental illness.
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It can occur on on one on one or in
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a group.
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Um, you can talk to Pts Talk for PTSD usually
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last between 6 to 12 months, but it can also
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take more time, just depending on what it is, um,
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or how you were affected by it.
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Many times of psychotherapy can help people with PTSD.
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Some target the symptoms of PTSD directly, and other therapies
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combined different therapies together depending on the person and their
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needs or how it's affecting them.
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Another helpful therapy that is also use a lot is
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known as cognitive behavioral therapy, also known as CBT exposure
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therapy. Um, this therapy helps people face and control their
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fear. It exposes them to the trauma that they experienced
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in the safe way.
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It uses mental imagery, writing or visiting the place where
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the event has happened.
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The therapist uses these tools to help people with PTSD
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cope with their feelings.
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Cognitive. Restricting a restructuring part in me.
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This therapy helps people make sense of the bad memories.
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Sometimes people remember the event differently than how it actually
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happened. Um, they may feel guilty or shame about the
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event or what is not of their fault.
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The therapist helps people with PTSD, look at what happened
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in a very different way in a realistic way, and
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kind of just shows them another perspective of the incident.