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the system, instituted in 1503, under which a Spanish soldier or colonist was granted a tract of land or a village together with its Indian inhabitants.
Spanish terms-encomenderos-To Entrust
The system statred in 1503. The encomienda is when adelantados are given the right to get tribute from Muslims or other peasants in the areas they are settled in. In the encomienda system Encomenderos did not own the land on which the natives lived. The system did not give any land to the Encomenderos; Indian lands were still theirs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encomienda
http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=633
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The encomienda system started to downfall as early as the 1510s. many people protested to the system. People such as missionarries or Dominicans and the Native Americans. in 1538 the emperor Charles V realized the severeness and decided to reform the system.
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The grants of the encomienda were usually conquistadors and soldiers, but they also included women and Native nobles. Puppet Inca rulers established after the conquest sought and were granted encomiendas too. The natives were free men, not slaves or serfs. Conquistadors were granted trusteeship over the indigenous people they helped conquer.
The Spanish were the ones that started the system during the voyage of the New World.
The encomienda system was something similar to slavery and labor.
In the encomienda, the Spanish crown granted a person a number of natives for they were to take responsibility of. The receiver of the grant was to protect the natives from other tribes and to teach the Spanish language and the Catholic faith: in return they could extract tribute from the natives in the form of labor, gold or other products.