Go West!

• This painting (circa 1872) by John Gast called American Progress, is an allegorical representation of the modernization of the new west. Here Columbia, a personification of the United States, leads civilization westward with American settlers, stringing telegraph wire as she sweeps west; she holds a school book. The different stages of economic activity of the pioneers are highlighted and, especially, the changing forms of transportation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_destiny

Go West!

Manifest Destiny & Disunion

Review & Beyond

http://www.animatedatlas.com/movie.html

Manifest Destiny

"The Dark Horse"

• First used by John L. O'Sullivan - Newspaper Editor
• Idea that Americans had a "God Given" right to all of North America
• Presidential Influence
• James K. Polk - Oregon Territory - Mexican/American War

Groups:

Reasons for Migration:

• Intro. Reading
• Timeline of Events
• Who went? Biography/Role Play

• Missionaries
• Entrepreneurs
• Businesspeople
• Religious Freedom
• Gold!!
• Adventure

Trails:

• Santa Fe Trail - commercial/trade route
• Oregon Trail - longest(2,000 miles), used for centuries
• Mormon Trail - Church of Latter Day Saints, search for new home

Disunion in the Union

How far can compromise go?

Review:

Missouri Compromise 1820

• Compromise:
• Missouri 1820
• Texas!
• Mexican-American War 1846-48
• Compromise of 1850
• Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Other Issues:
• Politics
• Dred Scott
• Harriet Beecher Stowe
• John Brown

Politics

• Maintained balance of free & slave states
• Set line at 36th Parallel North/South divided...kind of
• Missouri sits above the line
• Doesn't fix but at least delays the issue

• Free Soilers - Northerners who supported new territory being "free"
• Republican Party - combination of Free Soilers, Whigs and others in protest of Kansas Nebraska Act
• Know-Nothings -Northern party - associated with Nativism - opposition to immigrants

John

Brown

How well does the United States use compromise?

Other Issues

• Harper's Ferry
• Starts a war, before the war

Dred Scott & Fugitive Slave Act

• Fugitive Slave Act - runaway slaves must be returned
• Dred Scott - Slave living for years in free land - forced to remain a slave
• North = fear, indicates slavery can occur anywhere, not just the South

Harriet Beecher Stowe

• Northern magazine writer from ME
• Writes "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
• Highlights horrors or slavery
• Northern sympathy, Southern outrage

Was War Inevitable?

Kansas Nebraska Act - 1854

Texas

"The Little Giant"

• Push to organize the territories - Railroad
• Stephen Douglas
• Popular Sovereignty will decide slavery
• Race is on to secure the regions

• Spanish encourage settlement - fear French takeover
• Mexico gains her independence 1821
• Moses/Stephen Austin create colony in Texas
• Mexico wants allegiance of "Texans"
• Texans revolt
• The Alamo
• Sam Houston "Remember the Alamo" - Battle of San Jacinto
• Republic of Texas is born

Stephen Austin

James Bowie

On September 19, 1827, Bowie and Wright attended a duel on a sandbar outside of Natchez, Mississippi. Bowie supported duellist Samuel Levi Wells III, while Wright supported Wells's opponent, Dr. Thomas Harris Maddox. The duellists each fired two shots and, as neither man had been injured, resolved their duel with a handshake.[36][37] Other members of the groups, who had various reasons for disliking each other, began fighting. Bowie was shot in the hip; after regaining his feet he drew a knife, described as a butcher knife, and charged his attacker, who hit Bowie over the head with his empty pistol, breaking the pistol and knocking Bowie to the ground. Wright shot at and missed the prone Bowie, who returned fire and possibly hit Wright. Wright then drew his sword cane and impaled Bowie. When Wright attempted to retrieve his blade by placing his foot on Bowie's chest and tugging, Bowie pulled him down and disemboweled Wright with his large knife.[38][39] Wright died instantly, and Bowie, with Wright's sword still protruding from his chest, was shot again and stabbed by another member of the group. The doctors who had been present for the duel removed the bullets and patched Bowie's other wounds.[40]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bowie#Bowie_knife

Bleeding Kansas

• Settlement encourage by both North and South
• Violence ensues
• "Bleeding Kansas" - civil war breaks out
• Voting goes no where

15. James Buchanan

Sam Houston

Perspective - How did Americans React to "Compromise"?

How would you react?

Compromise of 1850

Mexican-American War

• Mexican-American war added 500,000 square miles to U.S.
• What to do?
• Henry Clay has a plan...

• America Annexes Texas 1845
• Mexico see it as theft
• Polk - pushes "Manifest Destiny"
• Boundary disputes
• Slidell - makes offer to forgive Mexico's debt and purchase NM & CA
• No one will see him
• U.S. needs a reason...

Presidents:

Results:

• Mexican-American War 1846-48
• California - Bear Flag Revolt
• Mexico City Falls
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo - ends war
• Mexican Cession - CA & SW Territories
• U.S. pays Mexico $15 million and drops Mexican debt
• 1853 - Gadsden Purchase transfers more land

• 12 - Zachary Taylor
• 13 - Millard Fillmore
• 14 - Franklin Pierce